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Pathology > Environmental > Flashcards

Environmental Flashcards

1
Q

Malignancy due to asbestos

A

Mesothelioma and GI cancers

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2
Q

Malignancy due to ingestion of smoked foods rich in nitrosamines

A

Adenocarcinoma of stomach

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3
Q

Malignancy due to arsenic

A

Squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma of skin

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4
Q

Malignancy due to aniline dyes, aromatic amines, B-naphthylinamine

A

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

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5
Q

Malignancy due to aflatoxin

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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6
Q

Malignancy due to benzene

A

Acute leukemia

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7
Q

Malignancy due to polyvinyl chloride

A

Hepatic hemangiosarcoma

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8
Q

Malignancy due to thorotrast

A

Hepatic hemangiosarcoma

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9
Q

Malignancy due to diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

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10
Q

Neoplasm due to HTLV-1

A

Adult T cell leukemia or lymphoma

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11
Q

Neoplasm due to HPV

A

Cervical and anal dysplasia and carcinoma
Vulvar carcinoma
Laryngeal papillomas
Oropharyngeal carcinomas

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12
Q

Neoplasm due to EBV

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Burkitt lymphoma

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13
Q

Neoplasm due to HBV

A

Hepatocellular

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14
Q

Neoplasm due to HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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15
Q

Neoplasm due to H. Pylori

A

Adenocarcinoma and B cell lymphoma (MALTomas) of stomach

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16
Q

Aberrant p21 protein product is due to mutation in what gene

A

Ras gene

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17
Q

8;14 translocation is seen in

A

Burkitt lymphoma

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18
Q

9;22 translocation is seen in

A

CML

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19
Q

Philadelphia chromosome is seen in _____ patients and carry what fusion gene

A

CML; bcr-abl fusion gene

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20
Q

Aggressive childhood tumor characterized bu N-myc amplification

A

Neuroblastoma

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21
Q

Inactivation of Rb gene is seen in:

A

Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

22
Q

Disease caused by mutation in p53

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Wide variety of tumors

23
Q

Inactivation of WT-1 and WT-2

A

Wilm’s tumor

24
Q

Most common renal neoplasm of children

A

Wilms tumor

25
Q

Inactivation of APC

A

Familial polyposis coli and colon adenocarcinoma

26
Q

Mutation in BRCA 1 causes _____; mutation in BRCA2 causes ______

A

BRCA-1 breast and ovarian CA

BRCA-2 breast CA only

27
Q

Characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, iris hamartomas, fibrosarcomas

A

Von recklinghausen neurofibromatosis type 1

28
Q

Mutation in NF1

A

Von recklinghausen neurofibromatosis type 1

29
Q

Mutation in ret proto oncogene

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa

30
Q

Contidions seen in Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Bilateral pheochromocytomas
Hyperparathyroidism

31
Q

Inherited mutation in one of several DNA repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2)

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome

Causes colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, urothelial, brain, stomach and ovarian CA

32
Q

Colorectal tumors with this syndrome has a predilection for the right colon and preceded by serrated adenomas

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome

APC - preceded by tubular adenomas

33
Q

A variant of HNPCC that involves a propensity for sebaceous tumors of the skin

A

Muir-Torre syndrome

34
Q

Standard of care for patients who present at an ealy age with colorectal and/or endometrial carcinomas or an extensive family history of these malignancies

A

HNPCC screening

35
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder that has an increased incidence of skin cancer and involves defects in genes that function in nucleotide excision repair required for thymine dimers repair

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Excessive exposure to sunlight

36
Q

Degree of burns characterized by hyperemia without significant epidermal damage

A

First degree

37
Q

Degree of burns characterized by blistering and destruction of the epidermis with slight damage to the underlying dermis

A

Second degree

38
Q

Degree of burns characterized by damage of the epidermis, dermis, and dermal appendages. What is the intervention needed?

A

Third degree

Skin graft

39
Q

Most common cause of late fatalities in burns

A

Infection

40
Q

Most frequent organism infecting burn patients

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

41
Q

Ulcerating squamous cell carcinomas that may arise in association with long-standing burn wounds

A

Marjolin ulcer

42
Q

Premalignant cutaneous lesion that results from excessive sun or UV light exposure

A

Actinic keratosis

43
Q

Condition that results to combination of alcoholism and thiamine deficiency

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Aka alcoholic encephalopathy

44
Q

4 signs and symptoms of wernicke syndrome

A

Ataxia
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Nystagmus

45
Q

2 symptoms of korsakoff syndrome

A

Memory loss and confabulation

46
Q

Valve predilection of infective endocarditis due to IV drug abuse

A

Right side of the heart

47
Q

Methyl alcohol is converted to these 2 cellular toxins

A

Formaldehyde

Formic acid

48
Q

Chemical that damages the cells of the retina, optic nerve and CNS leading to blindness

A

Methyl alcohol or methanol

49
Q

Substance that causes foci of neuronal necrosis in the basal ganglia, lenticular nuclei, and cortical gray areas and causes cherry-red color of skin, blood, viscera, and muscles

A

CO poisoning

50
Q

Chemical that causes centrilular necrosis and fatty change in the liver

A

Carbon tetrachloride

Pathology (8 decks)

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