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Biology 190 > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

1
Q

Acceptor

A

tRNA portion that binds an amino acid

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2
Q

Coding

A

Strand of DNA that matches the sequence of mRNA except with T in the DNA and U in the RNA

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3
Q

Nucleotide

A

Composed of sugar, base, and phosphate group

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4
Q

tRNA

A

RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them with mRNA

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5
Q

TATA

A

DNA sequence found in a promoter

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6
Q

Phosphate

A

Found at the 5’ end of DNA

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7
Q

Quaternary folding

A

Protein folding level that involves multiple folded polypeptides

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8
Q

Gene

A

Stretch of DNA that codes for RNA

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9
Q

Chromatin

A

Combo of DNA and protein to make up a chromosome

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10
Q

A site

A

Hold tRNA with next amino acid to be added to growing polypeptide chain

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11
Q

Phage

A

Virus that infects bacteria

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12
Q

Nucleosome

A

Small clusters of DNA/histome combo

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13
Q

RNA World Hypothesis

A

Hypothesis that RNA predates DNA as the major genetic material on Earth

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14
Q

Terminator

A

DNA sequence that causes RNA polymerase to fall off DNA

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15
Q

Tertiary

A

Protein folding that involves a folded 3-D shape of a single polypeptide

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16
Q

Exon

A

DNA sequence of a gene that is kept in the mature mRNA

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17
Q

Mendel

A

Monk who discovered laws of inheritance of genes passed down through generations

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18
Q

MRNA

A

RNA that carries DNA info out of the nucleus

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19
Q

P site

A

Holds tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain

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20
Q

Promoter

A

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds

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21
Q

Anti-codon

A

Portion of tRNA that binds the mRNA codon

22
Q

Poly A Tail

A

Added to the 3’ end of mRNA

23
Q

Spliceosome

A

Large protein structure that splices exons together, removing the Introns

24
Q

Uracil

A

Nucleotide found in RNA but not DNA

25
Q

Watson & Crick

A

Built the double helix model of DNA

26
Q

Codon

A

Group of three nucleotides that code for one amino acid

27
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Cytosine & Thymine

28
Q

E site

A

Holds tRNA without an amino acid because it already has added it to the growing polypeptide chain

29
Q

Transcription factor

A

Protein that binds to DNA enhancer elements

30
Q

Histone

A

Proteins that DNA will wrap around in A eukaryotic cell

31
Q

Central dogma

A

The concept that genetic info flows from DNA to RNA to protein

32
Q

RRNA

A

RNA used the build ribosomes

33
Q

Hershey chase

A

Scientists who helped demonstrate DNA was the genetic material

34
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Protein that adds RNA nucleotides to the growing strand of mRNA

35
Q

DNA

A

Biomolecule labeled with radioactive phosphorus

36
Q

Purine

A

Adenine and Guanine

37
Q

Cap

A

Added to the 5’ end of mRNA

38
Q

Enhancer

A

DNA sequence that attracts transcription factor proteins

39
Q

Intron

A

DNA sequence of a gene that is spliced out of a mature mRNA

40
Q

Peptide

A

Special name for the covalent bond that joins amino acids together

41
Q

Chargaff

A

Scientist who figured out that DNA had the same number of A’s and T’s and the same number of C’s and G’s

42
Q

Protein

A

Bio molecule labeled with radioactive sulfur

43
Q

Transcription

A

The process of converting DNA info to RNA info

44
Q

Hydroxyl

A

Found at 3’ end of DNA

45
Q

Aug

A

The start codon

46
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar found in DNA

47
Q

Translation

A

The process of converting RNA info into a protein

48
Q

Primary folding

A

Protein folding level that is just the amino acid sequence

49
Q

Franklin

A

Showed DNA was helical and structure but did not know how that helix was arranged

50
Q

Secondary folding

A

Protein folding level that involves alpha helices and beta sheets

51
Q

Ribosome

A

A combination of rRNA and protein that synthesizes proteins

Biology 190 (6 decks)

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