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Biology 190 > Enzymes, Photosynthesis, & Respiration > Flashcards

Enzymes, Photosynthesis, & Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Process used to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in an oxygen-poor environment

A

Fermentation

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2
Q

Reaction where reactants have more energy than products; energy is released

A

Exergonic

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3
Q

Get energy from chemical compounds

A

Chemotrophs

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4
Q

Area in the mitochondria equivalent to the cytoplasm of an aerobic bacteria

A

Matrix

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5
Q

Using energy of redox reactions in respiration to synthesize ATP

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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6
Q

Electron carrier molecule generated in the light reactions of photosynthesis and used in the calvin cycle

A

NADPH

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7
Q

Reaction where products have more energy than reactants; energy is supplied

A

Endergonic

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8
Q

Energy provided to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

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9
Q

Sac in the chloropast

A

Thylakoid

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10
Q

A molecule that lowers the activation energy

A

Catalyst

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11
Q

Get energy from sunlight

A

Phototrophs

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12
Q

Cycle used in the mitochondria to obtain energy from the remaining carbon-carbon bonds of glucose

A

Krebs

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13
Q

Get carbon from carbon dioxide

A

Autotrophs

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14
Q

Three carbon compound at the end of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

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15
Q

A protein that functions as a catalyst

A

Enzyme

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16
Q

Membrane in the chloroplasts and mitochondria that are equivalent to the bacterial plasma membrane

A

Inner membrane

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17
Q

Organelle that arose from cyanobacteria

A

Chloroplast

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18
Q

Protein that generates ATP from a hydrogen ion gradient

A

ATP synthase

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19
Q

Organelle that is able to use oxygen to get chemical energy out of carbon-carbon bonds and synthesize ATP

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

The process of a product inhibiting the synthesis of more product

A

Feedback inhibition

21
Q

Universal energy currency in the cell

A

ATP

22
Q

Area in the center of the thylakoid where hydrogen ions are pumped

A

Lumen

23
Q

Term used for the energy of a hydrogen ion gradient being used the generate ATP

A

Chemiosmosis

24
Q

Process of splitting glucose into two 3-carbon compounds

A

Glycolysis

25
Q

Protein that places elections into NADP+

A

Nadpreductase

26
Q

Two carbon compound generated after pyruvate is oxidized

A

Acetylcoa

27
Q

A series of redox reactions that occur among proteins in a membrane; often involves pumping hydrogen ions

A

Electron transport chain

28
Q

Area where hydrogen ions are pumped in the mitochondria to drive ATP synthesis

A

Intermembrane space

29
Q

Stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast

A

Grana

30
Q

Protein that fixes CO2; most common on Earth

A

Rubisco

31
Q

Chloroplast space equivalent to the cytoplasm

A

Stroma

32
Q

The process of Rubisco grabbing oxygen instead of CO2

A

Photorespiration

33
Q

Directly synthesizing ATP from the energy in C-C bonds

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

34
Q

Cyclical process for fixing carbon dioxide in plants

A

Calvin Cycle

35
Q

Most common election carrier used in respiration

A

NADH

36
Q

The process of fixing carbon and storing light energy on C-C bonds

A

Photosynthesis

37
Q

Timepoint in Earth’s history when cyanobacteria became prevalent and changed atmospheric and oceanic chemistry

A

Oxygen Revolution

38
Q

Using the energy of light to synthesize ATP

A

Photo phosphorylation

39
Q

Type of plant that solves photorespiration by increasing CO2 deep inside the leaf

A

C4

40
Q

Less common electron carrier used respiration

A

FADH2

41
Q

The process of releasing the energy of C-C bonds to produce ATP

A

Respiration

42
Q

Pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy

A

Chlorophyll

43
Q

Phenomena that occurs when light energy is converted to electrical energy or vise versa

A

Photo electric effect

44
Q

Membrane around chloroplasts and mitochondria that originated from the host cell during endosymbiosis

A

Outer membrane

45
Q

Get carbon from organic compounds

A

Heterotrophs

46
Q

Two carbon compound that is the result of fermentation in yeast

A

Ethanol

47
Q

Type of plant that solves photorespiration by grabbing CO2 at night and releasing it in the cell at high concentrations during the day

A

CAM

48
Q

Complex in photosynthesis that pumps protons into the lumen

A

B6F

49
Q

Three carbon compound that is the result of fermentation in humans

A

Lactate

Biology 190 (6 decks)

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