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Cell Metabolism > Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal Apparatus consists of…

A

Pharyngeal Arches
Pharyngeal Pouches
Pharyngeal Grooves/Clefts
Pharyngeal Membrane

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2
Q

How do pharyngeal arches begin to form?

A

o Begin to develop early in the fourth week as neural crest cells migrate into the head and neck region

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3
Q

Where do Neural crest cells come from and what direction do they travel?

A

NCC come from the developing neural plate

They migrate posterior/dorsal neural tube region to anterior ventral

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4
Q

Major events on day 24 due to rapid proliferating mesenchyme

A

Stomodaeum forms laying ectoderm throughout oral cavity (most oral cavity forms from this)
Stomodaeum and parynx are seperated by the buccopharyngeal membrane
Buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures to open the oropharynx

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5
Q

Each arch contains

A

Nerve, artery, cartilage, muscles

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6
Q

Arch I Artery

A

Terminal branch of maxillary artery

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7
Q

Arch I Skeletal

A

Derived from arch cartilages (from NCC):
Max cart –> Incus
Meckels cart –> Melleus
Derived by direct ossification from arch dermal mesenchyme
maxilla, zygomatic, squamos protion of temporal, mandible

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8
Q

Arch I Muscles

A

Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor Tympani

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9
Q

Arch I Nerves

A

Trigeminal nerve V (5)

-Max and Mand division

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10
Q

Arch II Artery

A

Stapedial artery (embryonic)—> Corticotympanic artery (adult)

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11
Q

Arch II Skeletal

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Part of Hyoid

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12
Q

Arch II Muscle

A

Facial expression
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius

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13
Q

Arch II Nerve

A

Facial Nerve VII (7)

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14
Q

Arch III Artery

A

Common carotid artery

root of internal carotid

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15
Q

Arch III Skeletal

A

Part of Hyoid

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16
Q

Arch III Muscle

A

Stylopharyngeus

17
Q

Arch III Nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal IX (9)

18
Q

Arch IV Artery

A

Arch of aorta

Right Subclavian artery

19
Q

Arch IV Skeletal

A

Thyroid

20
Q

Arch IV Muscles

A

Constrictors of pharynx

21
Q

Arch IV Nerve

A

Vagus X

-Superior laryngeal branch

22
Q

Arch VI Artery

A

Ductus Arteriosus

Pulmonary arteries

23
Q

Arch VI Skeletal

A

Circoid

24
Q

Arch VI Muscles

A

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

25
Q

Arch VI Nerve

A

Vagus Nerve X

Recurrent laryngeal branch

26
Q

Derivatives Of Pharyngeal Clefts/ Grooves

A

Cleft I: External Auditory Meatus
Paryngeal Arch II: Mesenchyme rapidly proliferate and cover remaining clefts
Clefts 2-4: Cervical Sinus

27
Q

Cervical Cysts

-Cause, characteristics

A

Failure of resorption during cervical sinus formation
Forms at LATERAL border of neck, anterior to sternocleidomastoid
Can be isolated or fistulated, may be infected or purulent (pus)

28
Q

Formation of Pharyngeal Pouches

A

Internal endoderm forms outline of oropharynx

Pharyngeal pouches form around oropharynx, and eventually form pharyngeal derivatives

29
Q

Pouch I

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

30
Q

Pouch II

A

Palatine tonsil

31
Q

Pouch III

A

Inferior Parathyroid and thymus

32
Q

Pouch IV

A

Superior Parathyroid and Ultimo Branchial Body

33
Q

Ultimo Branchial Body

A

Joins thyroid and forms Follicular C cells which produce Calcitonin

34
Q

Thyroid Primordium Migration

A

Forms at midline of pharynx below tuberculum impar
2 lobes migrate from foramen cecum –> below cricoid
Forms thyroglossal duct during migration

35
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cysts Location

A

Found at the MIDLINE of the neck
Form by improper degeneration of thyroglossal duct
Confined or fistulated through the oral duct
Can be infected, purulent, obstruct airway

36
Q

Development of Tongue

Oral Part

A

Fusion of:
Lateral lingual swellings
Madian tonhue bud (Tuberculum par)

37
Q

Development of Tongue

Paryngeal Part

A

Fusion of Copula (hypobranchial eminence)

formed from arches 2, 3, 4 –> fuse to form terminal sulcus

38
Q

Tongue Muscles

A

Arise from Occipital Somites which migrate into tongue area

39
Q

Pharyngeal Arch Defects

A

Facial Clefting
Micrognathia (small mouth)
Hemifacial Microstomia (Lower half of face underdeveloped)

Cell Metabolism (16 decks)

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