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cell metabolism > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

Periodontium consists of…

A
  • Cementum
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Bone that lines alveolus socket
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2
Q

Cementum

Functions

Composition

General

A

Function

  • Seals tubules of root dentin
  • Attachment for periodontum fibers to keep tooth in socket

Composition

  • Inorganic
    • 50% Calcium hydroxyapatite
  • Organic
    • 50% type I collagen, water, proteins

Generally thickest at root apex and interradicular areas of teeth w/ multiple roots

Thinest near CEJ

Limited to root of teeth

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3
Q

Acellular (primary) Cementum

A

Thin layer that surrounds the root next to dentin

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4
Q

Cellular (secondary) Cementum

A

Less mineralized

Thicker

Prevalent around apical root and interradicular areas

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5
Q

Intermediate Cementum Formation

A

Initially called intermedium cementum or cementoid

Formed by inner enamel epithelial root sheath cells during root dentin formation

Made of enamelin, hard

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6
Q

Acellular Cementum formation

Function

A

After intermedium cementum

Thin layer of acellular cementum is formed and attaches to intermedium

All of the cementoblasts in the acellular cementum migrate to periodontal ligament

Function: Provide attachment for tooth

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7
Q

Cellular Cementum Formation

Function

A

Forms when cementoblasts become embeded in the matrix as cementocytes

Function

  • Adaptive role in response to tooth wear and movement
  • Helps repair periodontal ligament
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8
Q

Cementocytes

Development

Features

A

Cementoblasts enclosed in a self-generated matrix

Matrix mineralizes and cementoblasts lose thier secretory ability and become cementocytes

Features

  • Have cytoplasmic process within a canaliculi
  • Canaliculi- small fingers extend from lacunae
    *
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9
Q

Root Development

A

Cervical loop brings about development

  • Consists of IEE and OEE

Hertwigs Epithelial Root Sheath is formed by

  • Growth of cervical loop deep into mesenchyme of dental sac
  • Encloses more dental papilla
  • Cementum forms on root after HERS disintegrates
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10
Q

Epithelial Rests of Malassez

A

Clusters of residual cells from HERS

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11
Q

Enamel Pearl

A

Defect in HERS

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12
Q

Cementoenamel Junction Varoation

A

Enamel and cementum overlap

Edge to edge

Enamel and cementum do not meet

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13
Q

Periodontal Ligament Formation

A

Formed from ectomesenchyme

Present within Dental follicle

Differentiate into fibroblasts

  • Create collagen fibers
  • Sharpey’s fibers (type I collagen)
  • Form the PDL
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14
Q

Periodontum Ligament Function

A

Nutritive

  • pdl has blood vessels to supply nutrients to
    • itself, alveolar bone, cementum

Maitenance

  • pdl heals rapidly

Sensory

  • Receptors to detect movement and pressure

Supports tooth during occlusal movement

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15
Q

Cells of periodontum Ligament

A
  • Fibroblasts
    • Most abundant
    • pdl has high collagen content
    • provide rapid replacement of fibers
  • Macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils
  • Osteoclasts
    • Imp in orthodontic movement
    • Bone resorption in periodontal disease
  • Undifferentiated Mesenchyme
  • Cementoblasts, cementoclasts
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16
Q

Fibroblasts, function

A

Make new collagen fibers, some can break down as well

Maintains cell framework and tone of tissue

Amount of collagen in a tissue can be tested by its hydroxyproline content

17
Q

Properties of Periodontal Ligament

A

Mostly collagen type I

Some amounts if type III and XII

Rich blood supply

18
Q

Periodontal Ligament Innervation

A
  • Sensory Nerves
    • pdl nerve endings perceive propioception
      • by mechanoreceptors
    • Pain
      • Nociceptors
  • Autonomic Nerves
    • Help regulate periodontal blood flow
  • Theres mylenated (sensory) and unmyelinated (sensory or autonomic) nerves
19
Q

Principle Fibers

A

Collagen bundles that attach teeth to bone or gingiva

(Exception transseptal fiber attaches teeth=teeth)

2 Main groups

Gingival Group and Dentoalveolar Group

Subcategorized into fibers

20
Q

Dentoalveolar Group

A
  • Apical –> resist vertical forces
  • Oblique–> Resist vertical and intrusive force
  • Horizontal —> Resists horizontal and tipping forces
  • Alveolar Crest—> Resist vertical and intrusive force
  • Interradicular —> Resist vertical and lateral force
21
Q

Gingival Fiber Group

A
  • Transseptal–> Resist mesial distal movement
  • Circular–> band around tooth
  • Dentogingival–>extends cervical cementum-lamina propria attach free gingiva
  • Alveologingival–> bone to lamina propria
  • Dentoperiosteal–>

Not strictly part of pdl

Aid gingiva in resisting displacement

Collectivel called Gingival Ligament

22
Q

Oxytalin Fibers

Made of

Location

Function

A

Type of elastic fiber

run in oblique fashion, cementum to blood vessels

Play role in vascular flow

23
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

Collagenous fibers embedded in cementum and alveolar bone proper

24
Q

Alveolar Bone/Process

Function

Parts

A
  • Supports teeth
  • Alveolus
    • tooth socket
  • Alveolar Bone Proper
    • bone lining tooth socket
    • lamina dura in X-ray white
    • Constantly remodeled due to occlusion
  • Supporting Bone
    • Cancellous bone that underlies the alveolar proper
25
Q

Cribiform Plate

A

Alveolar proper

Lines tooth socket

Has no periosteum (thin, dense layer of CT on bones)

26
Q

Bundle bone

What is it

Where is it

A

Inner lining of the alveolar bone

Where periodontal ligament fibers (Sharpeys) connect into bone

27
Q

Cortical Plate (Compact Bone) Spans

A

Extends over buccal and lingual aspect of the maxilla and mandible

In mandible lingual and buccal aspects connect

28
Q

Cortical Plate (compact bone)

Anatomy/Histo

A
  • Haversian system or Osteon
    • Periosteal lamellae outside
    • Endosteal lamellae inside
    • Concentric lamellae around Haversian canal
    • Haversian canal blood vessels
  • Volksmanns canals small channels house blood vessels bts periosteum and bone
    • communicate with Havarsian Canal
    • provide energy and nourishment for osteons
  • Lacunae between lamellae
    • each has a osteocyte
    • connected via canaliculi
29
Q

Alveolar Crest (Septa)

A

Alveolar crest is the surface nearest the CEJ

cell metabolism (16 decks)

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