5.4

Question 1

belgium

Answer 1

south (walloons) speak french
north (flemings) speak flemish

walloons historicallu dominated economy + politics, french = official language

divided 2 autonomous regions, wallonia and flanders

flemings want separate into 2 countries so flanders = rich and wallonia = poor

Question 2

switzerland

Answer 2

peaceful!!!!! w/multiple (4) languages

decentralized gov. local authorities hold most of power, decisions made by voter referenda

Question 3

baque

Answer 3

only europe language tht survive from period b4 arrival of indo-european speakers

wider area, abandoned when indo-europeans

pyrenees mountains northern spain + southwestern france

isolation bc of mountains!! helped preserve language

Question 4

icelandic

Answer 4

north germanic group

hardly changes bc norwegian settles had lil contact w/speakers of other languages b4 iceland + no contact w/speakers of their language in norway

Question 5

koro aka

Answer 5

tibeto-butman branch of sino-tibetan

northeastern india

Question 6

gothic

Answer 6

eastern and northern europe 3rd century

east germanic group extinct, last speakers in crimea in russia 16th century

died bc descendants were converted to other languages thru integration (political dominance, cultural preference)

Question 7

hebrew

Answer 7

diminished 4th century, became official language when israel established as independent country 1948

symbolically unifying

revival effort initiated by eliezer ben-yehuda, only spoke hebrew

Question 8

celtic

Answer 8

major in british isles b4 germanic angles jutes + saxons invaded

2000 yrs ago germany, now remote parts of scotland? wale, ireland, + brittany peninsula of france

goidelic + brythonic

Question 9

celtic: welsh (brythonic)

Answer 9

wales conquered by english 1283, dominant till 19th century

welsh language society preserves language well!!! cymdeithas yr iath gymraeg

Question 10

irish

Answer 10

revival led by young irish other countries wanna distinguish from english

1300s forbidden to speak own language in front of english masters

19th century children had to wear tally sticks, punished if spoke irish

Question 11

breton

Answer 11

has more french words

Question 12

scottish

Answer 12

1% scottish gaelic

ireland -> scotland 1500 yrs ago

Question 13

cornish

Answer 13

extinct 1777

dolly pentreath = last known speaker

revived 1920s

Question 14

australia

Answer 14

1% aboriginal

more teach english than maintain local lang

restricted immigration from non-english speaking places 19th-20th centuries, immigrants had to write 50 words of european language dictated by immigration officers
eliminated 1957, now requires immigrants learn english

Question 15

new zealand

Answer 15

10% maori (polynesian)

preserve maori lang but not many r fluent except old pplz

immigrants must already be fluent in english, less asian immigrants