the auditory systems

Question 1

what is determined by amplitude?

Answer 1

loudness/intensity

Question 2

what is determined by frequency?

Answer 2

picth

Question 3

what is timbre?

Answer 3

quality of sound

Question 4

what are the 3 bones in the middle ear?

Answer 4

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 5

what is the main function of the middle ear?

Answer 5

amplify sound

Question 6

what is impedence matching?

Answer 6

when the little bones in the middle ear overcome the loss of sound by increasing sound pressure

Question 7

what are the 3 mechanisms for impedence matching?

Answer 7

1. area ratio of ear drum to stapes foot plate
2. lever action of ossicles
3. buckling of ear drum

Question 8

what 2 things make up the inner ear?

Answer 8

cochlea and labyrinth

Question 9

is hair cell K+ current outwards or inwards?

Answer 9

inwards

Question 10

what is tonotopy?

Answer 10

when different frequencies of sound waves activate hair cells maximally at different locations bending the cells

Question 11

what are the 3 cochlear nuclei?

Answer 11

dorsal cochlear nucleus
posteroventral cochlear nucleus

anteroventral cochlear nucleus

Question 12

what do the otolith organs do?

Answer 12

sense linear acceleration and gravity

Question 13

what does the otolith organs consist of?

Answer 13

UTRICLE

SACCULE

Question 14

what is on thee otolithic membrane

Answer 14

crystals of calcium carbonate (otoconia)

Question 15

what is the vetsibulo -ocular reflex?

Answer 15

keep eyes still when heaad moves

Question 16

what is the vestibulo-colic reflex?

Answer 16

keeps head still when you walk

Question 17

what is the vestibular spinal relfex?

Answer 17

adjusts posture for rapid changes in positon