history of microbiology 2 Flashcards
what are kochs 4 postulates
- the pathogen must be present in all cases of disease, but absent in healthy individuals
- suspected pathogen must be isolated and grown in culture
- the same disease must occur in a healthy individual when the pathogen grown in the lab is injected into individual
- the microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
when can pathogenic microbes be found in a healthy individual?
carrier
What are the modern postulates of disease? (6)
- a nucleic acid sequence belonging to a pathogen should be present in most cases of an infectious disease, usually in the sites know to be diseased
- Fewer or none of the pathogenic sequences should be present in hosts without the disease
- number of pathogen sequences should decrease with recovery
- you get infected before you get sick
- the symptoms of the pathogen should match other cases of the same pathogen
- the sequence-based evidence for microbial causation should be reproducible
who formulated the modern postulates?
Fredricks and relman
What did Gerhard Domagk discover?`
protonsil is effective against many bacteria because of its sulfanilamide group
what did Alexander fleming discover?
the first natural product from fungi that kill bacteria, penicilin
what did charles chamberland invent
inventsw filter with pores that are smaller than bacteria
what did demitri ivanowsky demonstrate?
using the chamberalnd filter, he demonstrated that an infected plant is still infectious after filtration
What did martinus beijernick discover?
demonstrates that the chamberlain agent can only replicate in cells, a virus
Who is the father of virology
martinous beijerinck
what is “contagium vivum fluidium”?
living contagion
who discovered that cow pox immunizes people from smallpox?
edward jenner
what virus did edward jenner vaccinate people with
bovine vaccina virus
where did the word vaccinization come from?
the virus was called vacina
