Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Acropolis

Answer 1

In early greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill that was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings

Question 2

Agora

Answer 2

An open area that served as a gathering place and as a market

Question 3

Assemble

Answer 3

To gather; to meet together

Question 4

Arete

Answer 4

The qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest

Question 5

Age of Pericles

Answer 5

461 BC and 429 BC when pero les dominated Athenian politics and then a reached the height of its power

Question 6

Debated

Answer 6

discussed by considering opposing viewpoints

Question 7

Democracy

Answer 7

the rule of many”; government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives

Question 8

Direct democracy

Answer 8

system of government in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings

Question 9

Epic poem

Answer 9

a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, such as the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer

Question 10

Ephor

Answer 10

one of the five men elected each year in ancient Sparta who were responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens

Question 11

Ethics

Answer 11

moral principles; generally recognized rules of conduct

Question 12

Epicureanism

Answer 12

a school of thought developed by the philosopher Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; it held that happiness is the chief goal in life, and the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure

Question 13

Helot

Answer 13

in ancient Sparta, a captive person who was forced to work for the conqueror

Question 14

Isolate

Answer 14

To set apart from others

Question 15

Imply

Answer 15

To express indirectly through reference or association

Question 16

Hellenistic era

Answer 16

the age of Alexander the Great; period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non-Greek world

Question 17

Method

Answer 17

A systematic plan for doing something

Question 18

Oligarchy

Answer 18

“the rule of the few”; a form of government in which a select group of people exercises control

Question 19

Ostracism

Answer 19

in ancient Athens, the process for temporarily banning ambitious politicians from the city by popular vote

Question 20

Oracle

Answer 20

in ancient Greece, a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess

Question 21

Polis

Answer 21

the early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town and its surrounding countryside

Question 22

Phalanx

Answer 22

A wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation

Question 23

Philosophy

Answer 23

an organized system of thought, from the Greek for “love of wisdom”

Question 24

Socratic method

Answer 24

the method of teaching used by the Greek philosopher Socrates; it employs a question-and-answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason

Question 25

Subsidizing

Answer 25

aiding or promoting with public money

Question 26

Stoicism

Answer 26

The school of thought developed by the teacher Zeno in Hellenistic Athens; it says that happiness can be achieved only when people gain inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God and that people should bear whatever life offers

Question 27

Tyrant

Answer 27

ruler who seized power by force from the aristocrats, gained support from the newly rich and the poor, and maintained power by using hired soldiers and fighting tactics

Question 28

Tragedy

Answer 28

form of drama that portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a protagonist who is brought to ruin or extreme sorrow, especially as a result of a fatal flaw