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Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavities to the larynx and oesophagus

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2
Q

What is the pharynx common to?

A

both gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

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3
Q

Where does the pharynx begin?

A

at the base of the skull

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4
Q

Where does the pharynx end?

A

inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage (C6)

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5
Q

What is the pharynx comprised of? (superior to inferior)

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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6
Q

what types of muscles form the wall of the pharynx?

A

longitudinal and circular

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7
Q

what are the longitudinal and circular muscles on the walls of the pharynx innervated by?

A

vagus nerve, expect for the stylopharyngeus

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8
Q

what is the stylopharyngeus innervated by?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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9
Q

What is the function of the circular muscles?

A

contact sequentially from superior to inferior to constrict the lumen and propel the bolus of food inferiorly into the oesophagus

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10
Q

how are the circular muscles arranged?

A

They are stacked like glasses and are an incomplete muscular circle

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11
Q

what do the circular muscles attach to anteriorly?

A

structures in the neck

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12
Q

what are the circular muscles innervated by?

A

They are all innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

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13
Q

where is the superior pharyngeal constrictor found?

A

found in the oropharynx

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14
Q

where is the middle pharyngeal constrictor found?

A

in the laryngopharynx

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15
Q

where is the inferior pharyngeal constrictor found?

A

in the laryngopharynx

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16
Q

how many components does the laryngopharynx have?

A 
2:
superior component (thyropharyngeus)
inferior component (circopharyngeus)
17
Q

what does the superior component (thyropharyngeus) contain?

A

has oblique fibres that attach to the thyroid cartilage

18
Q

what does the inferior component (cricopharyngeus) contain?

A

has horizontal fibres that attach to the cricoid cartilage

19
Q

how do the longitudinal muscles act and what is their function?

A

The longitudinal muscles shorten and widen the pharynx, and elevate the larynx during swallowing

20
Q

what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

21
Q

where does the stylopharyngeus originate and attach?

A

from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the pharynx

22
Q

what is the stylopharyngeus innervated by?

A

innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX - 9th cranial nerve)

23
Q

where the palatopharyngeus originate and attach?

A

from hard palate of the oral cavity to the pharynx

24
Q

what is the palatopharyngeus innervated by?

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

25
Q

where is the salpingopharyngeus muscle found?

A

from the Eustachian tube to the pharynx, innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

26
Q

what is the salpingopharyngeus muscle innervated by?

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

27
Q

what is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

In addition to contributing to swallowing, it also opens the Eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere

28
Q

what is the majority of the innervation of the pharynx via?

A

by the pharyngeal plexus

29
Q

what does the pharyngeal plexus comprise of?

A

Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Branches of the vagus nerve (CN X)
Sympathetic fibres of the superior cervical ganglion

30
Q

what is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Each of the three sections of the pharynx have a different innervation

31
Q

what is the sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A

innervated by the maxillary nerve (CN V2)

32
Q

what is the sensory innervation to the oropharynx by?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

33
Q

what is the sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx via?

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

34
Q

what is the motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx?

A

All the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X), except for the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Resp (24 decks)

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