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Pharm 1 > Dermatologic, Ophthalmic, and Otic > Flashcards

Dermatologic, Ophthalmic, and Otic Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

antiglaucoma drug categories

A 
Cholinergic Drugs (Mitotics)
Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics)
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers 
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Prostaglandin Agonists
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2
Q 
Cholinergic Drugs (Mitotics)
Key drugs:
A
  • Pilocarpine

- Echothiophate

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3
Q

Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics)

Key drug:

A

Dipivefrin

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4
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Key drugs:

A
  • Betaxolol

- Timolol

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5
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Key drug:

A

Dorzolamide

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6
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists

Key drug:

A

Latanoprost

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7
Q

Cholinergic Drugs:

MOA

A

Similar to acetylcholine effects in the body

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8
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Indications

A

Open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, convergent strabismus

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9
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy

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10
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Adverse Effects

A

Local and limited to the eye

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11
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Interactions

A

Unlikely due to local action of these drugs

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12
Q

Cholinergic Drugs:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

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13
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Direct-acting miotic

Treatment of glaucoma

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14
Q

Echothiophate

A

Indirect-acting miotic
Management of glaucoma
Long acting

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15
Q

Sympathomimetics:

MOA

A

Mimic norepinephrine and epinephrine

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16
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Indications

A

Reduce intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma

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17
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy

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18
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Adverse Effects

A

Burning, eye pain, and lacrimation

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19
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Interactions

A

Anesthetics, cardiac glycosides, thyroid hormones, or TCA’s potentially cause dysrhythmias

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20
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

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21
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

MOA

A

Reduce both elevated and normal intraocular pressure

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22
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Indications

A

Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

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23
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy

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24
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Adverse Effects

A

Most common are transient burning and discomfort

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25
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: | Interactions
Unlikely d/t to localized nature of the drugs
26
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: | Nursing Considerations
-
27
Betaxolol
Very potent and selective beta blocking drug | Treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
28
Timolol
Acts at both beta1 and beta2 receptors | Indicated for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
29
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | MOA
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase to decrease intraocular pressure
30
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | Indications
Management of glaucoma
31
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | Contraindications
Drug allergy, caution use with sulfonamide antibiotics
32
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | Adverse Effects
Similar to those of sulfonamide antibiotics
33
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | Interactions
Unlikely with local administration
34
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | Nursing Considerations
-
35
Dorzolamide
Treatment of elevated intraocular pressure associated with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma Only available as an ophthalmic solution
36
Prostaglandin Agonists: | MOA
Reduce intraocular pressure
37
Prostaglandin Agonists: | Indications
Treatment of glaucoma
38
Prostaglandin Agonists: | Contraindications
Drug allergy
39
Prostaglandin Agonists: | Adverse Effects
Foreign body sensation, dotted appearance of cornea, stinging, bloodshot eyes, blurred vision, itching, and burning
40
Prostaglandin Agonists: | Interactions
Concurrent administration with other eye drops may cause precipitation
41
Prostaglandin Agonists: Nursing Considerations
-
42
Latanoprost
Only available in eyedrop form About 3-10% of patients have increased iris pigmentation after 3-4.5 months of treatment Eyes may turn dark brown
43
Antimicrobial Drugs: Categories
``` Aminoglycosides Macrolide antibiotics Polypeptide antibiotics Quinolone antibiotics Sulfonamides ```
44
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
45
Macrolide antibiotics
Erythromycin
46
Polypeptide antibiotics
Bacitracin
47
Quinolone antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
48
Sulfonamides
Sulfacetamide
49
Antimicrobial Drugs: | MOA
Work to destroy invading organism
50
Antimicrobial Drugs: | Indications
Known or suspected infection
51
Antimicrobial Drugs: | Contraindications
Drug allergy or severe previous drug reaction
52
Antimicrobial Drugs: | Adverse Effects
Local & transient burning, inflammation, stinging, urticaria, dermatitis
53
Antimicrobial Drugs: | Interactions
Possible interaction with corticosteroids
54
Antimicrobial Drugs: | Nursing Considerations
-
55
Gentamicin
Wide variety of gram positive and gram negative infections
56
Erythromycin
Various ophthalmic infections
57
Bacitracin
Various eye infections
58
Ciprofloxacin
Bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis
59
Sulfacetamide
Most commonly used ophthalmic antimicrobial drug
60
Diagnostic Drugs: Atropine Sulfate
MOA: Dilates the pupil and paralyzes the ciliary muscle Indications: Assist in eye examination or treat inflammatory states
61
Lubricants & Moisturizers: Artificial Tears
MOA: Isotonic and contain buffers to adjust eye pH Indications: Provide lubrication or moisture for the eye

Pharm 1 (11 decks)

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