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Neuro exam 1 mod 1-7 > Mod 7 > Flashcards

Mod 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the brain stem?

A

Provides transit for ascending and descending pathways
Regulates/controls basic vital functions of the body
Sub serves cranial nerves [CN] functions; houses CN nuclei

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2
Q

What are the brainstems transit roles

A

Sensory- spinal cord to the thalamus

Motor - cortex to the spinal cord

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3
Q

What are the vital functions of the brainstem

A

Respiration, heart beat, equilibrium

centers that determine level of activity of cerebrum and control sleep cycles of the body

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4
Q

True or false

The CN enter and exit from the brainstem at various levels from the midbrain down through the medulla

A

True

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5
Q

There are two types of CN nuclei that are located in the brainstem, what are they

A

the sensory nerve nuclei of termination–> the cell bodies of incoming first order sensory neurons
Motor nerve nuclei of origin –> the cell bodies of outgoing peripheral motor nerves (final common path

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6
Q

What are the four regions of the brainstem?

A

Roof, Basilar portion, tegmentum , ventricular cavities

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7
Q

What is the posterior or dorsal boundary of the brainstem

A

The roof

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8
Q

In the midbrain, what is the roof

A

Tectum

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9
Q

In the Pons, what is the roof

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

At the level of the lower Pons and the medulla, what is the roof

A

the choroid plexus (on the floor of the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

What two nuclei are present in the tegmentum that are important to the basal ganglia function? What are their functions

A

Red nucleus –> functions with BG and cerebellum to coordinate muscle movement of the body
Substantia nigra–> functions with the BG in control of unconscious movements of the body

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12
Q

What serves as a relay station for signals from cerebellum that are going to the thalamus and cerebrum?

A

Superior tegmentum

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13
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

The aqueduct of Sylvius

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14
Q

Where is the midbrain located

A

Between the diencephalon and the pons

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15
Q

Where do the oculomotor and trochlear motor nerves exit at the brainstem

A

Midbrain-pons junction

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16
Q

Where is the corpora quadrigemina located

A

On the dorsal surface of the midbrain

17
Q

The superior and inferior brachia connect ___ with ___

A

Colliculi with the thalamus

18
Q

The root of CN IV (trochlear) exits at the ____ aspect

A

Dorsal

19
Q

What is located between the midbrain and medulla?

A

Pons

20
Q

The pons forms the _____ of the metencephalon

A

Basilar portion

21
Q

What are the important CN nuclei at the pons level?

A

CN V - trigeminal
CN VI - abducens
CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear

22
Q

The ____ is the CN nuclei that main sensory nucleus is touch

A

Trigeminal: CN V

23
Q

CN ____ has motor innervation for eye movement

A

CN VI: abducens

24
Q

True or false: CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) has to do with motor movement to the facial muscles

A

False; vestibulocochlear = hearing and balance.

CN VII: facial = motor movement to facial muscles.

25
Q

Where does the pyramidal decussation of the corticospinal pathways occur

A

The lower medulla

26
Q

Which CN nuclei are located in the medulla?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Spinal accessory XI
Hypoglossal XII

27
Q

CN III, VI and XII emerge from the _____ brainstem

A

Anterior (ventral)

28
Q

CN IV emerges from the ____ brainstem

A

Dorsal

29
Q

CN V and VII emerge from the ____ brainstem

A

Ventrolateral/anterolateral

30
Q

CN IX, X and XI emerge from the _____ brainstem

A

Lateral

31
Q

The ventral surface of the midbrain includes____

A

Optic tract and optic chiasm

32
Q

The ____ protrude from each ventrolateral surface in the medulla

A

Olives

33
Q

The ____ are on the ventral aspect of the medulla

A

Pyramidal decussation

34
Q

The reticular formation is divided up into 3 zones: ___, ___, ___

A

Midline raphe and paramedian zone
Medial reticular zone
Lateral reticular zone

35
Q

Which reticular formation zone makes up 2/3 of the tegmentum?

A

Medial reticular zone

36
Q

What are the functions of the reticular formation

A
  1. Modulates awareness and controls level of alertness
  2. Maintains homeostatic state
  3. Participates in regulation
37
Q

Lesions of the midbrain and diencephalon RF can cause ___

A

Coma

38
Q

Lesions to the pontine RF result in ____

A

Constant wakefulness

Neuro exam 1 mod 1-7 (6 decks)

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