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Neuro exam 1 mod 1-7 > Mod 5 Basial Ganglia > Flashcards

Mod 5 Basial Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most important basal ganglia

A

Globus pallidus
Caudate
Putamen

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2
Q

The globus pallidus and the putamen are known as____

A

Lenticular nucleus

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3
Q

The putamen and caudate nucleus are known as

A

Striatum

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4
Q

Corpus striatum

A

Caudate and lenticular nucleus

- caudate, putamen, globus pallidus [+ accumbens]

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5
Q

BG are ___ and ____ to the thalamus

A

Lateral and anterior

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6
Q

What is located lateral to the genu of the internal capsule and medial to the putamen

A

Globus pallidus

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7
Q

The ____ is located lateral to the genu of the internal capsule and to the globus pallidus

A

Putamen

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8
Q

The ___ located medial to anterior limb of internal capsule

A

Caudate nucleus

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9
Q

BG play an important role in

A

Posture and background muscle tone

Integration of motor activity

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10
Q

What is the pyramidal tract

A

Direct motor system synapsing link to LMNs

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11
Q

What is the extrapyramidal system

A

Indirect motor system/multi-synapsing link to LMNs

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12
Q

___ and ____ both play a role in planning and integrating of movements associated with motivational and emotional stimuli

A

Nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus

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13
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens

A

Continuous with caudate and putamen

It is a link to the limbic system

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14
Q

The input BG nuclei include:

A

Caudate, putamen and accumbens (striatum)

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15
Q

True or false: most input are inhibitory

A

False: excitatory

Output is inhibitory

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16
Q

Main input of BG comes from ___

A

Cerebral cortex

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17
Q

The output form the BG acts to influence _______

A

Cortical motor activities

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18
Q

The output BG include

A

Globus pallidus (primarily) and substantia nigra

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19
Q

The ____ conveys info from the head and neck. ____ conveys info for the rest of the body

A

Substantia nigra

Globus pallidus

20
Q

True or false: None of the BG projects caudally to lower brainstem or spinal cord

A

True

21
Q

The ____ includes all the BG except ___

A

Intrinsic

Striatum

22
Q

The intrinsic BG nuclei

A

Includes all BG except the striatum
Link the input and output BG
Two pathways: direct and indirect

23
Q

The ___ along with the ____ provide an interface between our sensory systems and motor responses

A

BG

Cerebellum

24
Q

The direct pathway

A

From the striatum to directly to globus pallidus (GP)

25
Q

The indirect pathway

A

to the GP –> to sub thalamic nucleus –> GP or substantia nigra

26
Q

What is the principled role of the BG?

A

In association with the pyramidal system is to help execute learned patterns of skilled movements

27
Q

What nucleus controls gross intentional bodily movements, both conscious and unconscious

A

Caudate nucleus

28
Q

The ____ works with caudate to help execute movement patterns that are highly complex, such as technical and athletic skills

A

Putamen

29
Q

The globus pallidus controls

A

Background positioning of gross body parts at the onset of complex movement patterns

30
Q

Which nucleus has a role in walking and other gross rhythmic body movements?

A

Sub thalamic nucleus

31
Q

What is the main output pathway for the neurotransmitter, dopamine

A

Substantia nigra

32
Q

What role does the substantia nigra have?

A

Role in muscle tone and movement smoothing

33
Q

What is dyskinesia

A

Lesions to extrapyramidal systems and BG. Characteized by “release phenomenon” and by unwanted, extraneous movement

34
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Problems with substantia nigra
Less dopamine
No excitation of striatum

35
Q

What is the result of hypokinesia

A

Excessive inhibition of thalamus
Paucity of movement (scarcity/lack)
Parkinson’s

36
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

problems with sub thalamic nucleus degeneration or degeneration of striatum

37
Q

What is the result of hyperkinesia

A

Sub thalamic nucleus can’t excite internal globus pallidus –> no inhibition of thalamus
Result- too much movement (Huntington’s disease)

38
Q

Putamen circuit

A

Helps execute learned patterns of skilled movements

E.g.- piano playing

39
Q

The putamen circuit includes

A

Globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus and the primary motor cortex

40
Q

Caudate circuit

A

Role: cognitive control of motor activity
Actions occur from the thoughts we generate
E.g. - wanting to reach for a cup

41
Q

The caudate circuit receives input from:

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal association vortexes
Determines which movements should be used with movements

42
Q

Basal ganglia input is primarily from the ________; most basal ganglia output is to the _______ via the________.

A

Cortex; cortex via the thalamus

43
Q

Functions of the basal ganglia include

A

Inhibition of unwanted movement
Postural control
Smoothing and refining movement

44
Q

The nucleus accumbens is functionally related to the __________ and receives input from the ___________.

A

basal ganglia

Limbic system

45
Q

LMNs have their cell bodies

A

Within the spinal cord and brainstem

Neuro exam 1 mod 1-7 (6 decks)

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