Lecture 4 Flashcards
MAP
MAP = diastolic + 1/3 (systolic – diastolic)
PP
PP= systolic – diastolic
Where are baroreceptors located?
located in the wall of internal carotid artery and in the aortic arch
primary hypertension
aka essential underlying cause is not usually known family history – genetic factors age related race – African American high salt intake, insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities, obesity, oral contraceptive, excess alcohol consumption, stress, sedentary life style, type A personality.
Secondary hypertension
Renal hypertension is the most common, renovascular hypertension, atherosclerotic artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, adrenocortical disorders, pheochromocytoma, coartion of aorta
What are the effects of hypertension on target organs?
cardiovascular problems i.e. especially atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, stroke, heart failure left ventricular hypertrophy retina stroke kidney damage
drugs that control hypertension and their mechanism of action
Diuretics
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
captopril
Calcium channel blockers
diltiazem, verapamil
Diuretics
Thiazides, Loop diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
Inhibit renal tubular reabsorption resulting in a reduction of body salt and water.
Beta blockers
acebutolol, propranolol
-Reduce rate, CO, contractility, O2 demand, sympathetic activity, renin secretion.
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Mechanism of blood control during upright position. Abnormal drop in BP due to pooling of blood in lower extremities.
risk factors of orthostatic hypotension
decreased cerebral perfusion leading to lightheadedness, dizziness and fainting
malignant hypertension
fatal form of hypertension
sudden increase of bp
