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Pharmacology > Asthma (Chapter 9) > Flashcards

Asthma (Chapter 9) Flashcards

1
Q

what is asthma ?

A

a chronic respiratory disease, characterized by reversible and intermittent airway hyper-reactivity of bronchial tube dilation and contration

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2
Q

what are symptoms of asthma ?

A

shortness of breath
coughing
wheezing
tightness in chest

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3
Q

what are triggers of asthma ?

A

smoking, humidity, heat, viral infections, NSAIDs, sulfites, psychosomatic

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4
Q

which medications can trigger asthma ?

A

NSAIDs

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5
Q

what is the cause of asthma ?

A

combination of genetic and environmental factors

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6
Q

can asthma be cured?

A

sometimes spontaneously

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7
Q

what is the asthmatic lung characterized by ?

A

inflamed tissue, red, swollen, edema, excessive mucus production

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8
Q

how do mast cells work ?

A

full of granules that contain toxic chemicals (leukotrienes, prostaglandins)

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9
Q

what are the two types of asthma ?

A

eosinophilic and neutrophilic

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10
Q

what is eosinophilic asthma ?

A

characterized by increased levels of eosinophils in the airway.
associated with more severity of the disease

eosinophils, mast cells, basophils bind to IgE which releases histamine

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11
Q

what is neutrophilic asthma ?

A

characterized by increased levels of neutrophils and T-Cells in airway

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12
Q

how is asthma triggered ?

A

IgE triggers release of chemicals from mast cells.

arachidonic acid pathway is stimulated by the increase of phospholipase A2. arachidonic acid is substrate for 5-lipoxygenase to produce leukotrienes.

Leukotrienes activate receptors on smooth muscle, causing bronchoconsriction, mucus secretion, edema.

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13
Q

what is the arachidonic pathway stimulated by ? inhibited by ?

A

catalyzed by phospholipase A2

inhibited by corticosteroids

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14
Q

what are the two therapeutic goals in treating asthma ?

A

1) cause bronchodilation

2) reduce inflammation underlying disease

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15
Q

how many different drugs can help treat asthma ?

A

20

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16
Q

what are the 4 types of asthma ?

A

intermittent (1-2 attacks/week, awakening at night occasionally)

mild persistent (more than 2 attacks/week, waking up frequently 3-4/month)

moderate persistent (daily attacks, wake up once/week)

severe persistent (attacks throughout day, regular night awakening)

17
Q

what is a sign asthma is quite severe ?

A

waking up at night

18
Q

daily attacks, wake up once/week

what kind of asthma?

A

moderate persistent

19
Q

more than 2 attacks/week, waking up frequently 3-4/month

what kind of asthma ?

A

mild persistent

20
Q

what are 2 ways of diagnosing asthma ?

A

1- talking to a doctor, telling them you wake up at night, etc

2- FEV between 60-80%

21
Q

what are the 5 main drugs used to treat asthma ?

A 
short-acting beta-agonist
anticholinergics
corticosteroids (oral/parenteral)
long-acting beta-agonist
corticosteroids (inhaled)
22
Q

what are short-acting beta agonists ?

A

they provide quick relief, can prevent imminent attack

only taken as needed to prevent branchoconstriction

23
Q

give 2 examples of SABA

A

terbutaline

salbutamol

24
Q

what are anticholinergics ?

A

similar in use to SABA
prevent bronchoconstriction

however, many side effects as all cholinergics do, so shouldn’t be the first drug of choice

25
Q

what are oral and parenteral corticosteroids ?

A

used when needed
prevent bronchoconstriction

have same side effects as other corticosteroids

26
Q

what are LABA ?

A

they are inhaled and prevent bronchoconstriction

more slow-acting than SABA
slow release at a dose safe to take everyday unlike SABA

27
Q

give 2 examples of LABA

A

formoterol

salmeterol

28
Q

what are inhaled corticosteroids ?

A

used for daily maintenance
do not affect bronchoconstriction/dilation
reduces inflammatory reactions in tissue

29
Q

what drug increases the response of SABA ?

A

inhaled corticosteroids

30
Q

what is an example of an inhaled corticosteroid ?

A

flovent

31
Q

drugs through inhalation are considered what sort of consumption ?

A

topical application

32
Q

what are the advantages of inhalation ?

A

no first pass effect

33
Q

improper use of inhalers can lead to what ?

A

a low dose, and accumulation in back of throat

34
Q

what are the side effect of corticosteroids inhaled ?

A

fungus growth

35
Q

why is it better to inhale beta-agonists ?

A

because NE have BP increase and pupillary dilation

36
Q

how many different points of mutation on the gene does the b2 adrenergic receptor have ?

A

9

37
Q

what is the b2-adrenergic pathway ?

A

adenylyl cyclase activation -> cAMP increase -> airway opens

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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