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MD3001 > The Practice of Treating Cardiovascular Patients > Flashcards

The Practice of Treating Cardiovascular Patients Flashcards

1
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would an ACE inhibitor (A) be used to treat?

A

All three

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2
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would beta blockers (B) be used to treat?

A

All three

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3
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would calcium antagonists (C) be used to treat?

A

Hypertension and angina

NOT heart failure

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4
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would a diuretic (D) be used to treat?

A

Hypertension and heart failure

NOT angina

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5
Q

What would the order of drugs used in a hypertensive patient under 55 years of age be?

A

A
C
D
Either B, alpha blocker or spironolactone

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6
Q

What would the order of drugs used in a hypertensive patient under 55 years of age be?

A

C
A
D
Either B, alpha blocker or spironolactone

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7
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 1 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

DAB

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8
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 2 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

Spironolactone/ Eplerenone

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9
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 3 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
((= Biventricular Pacing)
to those with long QRS on ECG)

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10
Q

What can be used in sever cases?

A

Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD)

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11
Q

In what CVD is sacubitril-valsartan used in the treatment of?

A

Chronic heart failure

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12
Q

What two categories can angina treatment be broken down into?

A

Prolong survival

Alleviate symptoms

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13
Q

What 4 key treatments are used to prolong survival in angina patients?

A 
SAAB:
Statin
Aspirin
ACE inhibitor
Beta Blocker
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14
Q

How would you progressively alleviate symptoms of angina?

A

Beta Blocker
Calcium Antagonist or Nitrates Coronary Angioplasty
New antianginals: Ivabradine and Ranolazine
Coronary artery surgery

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15
Q

What is the treatment for STEMI in an emergency situation?

A

Aspirin
Angioplasty (if near hospital)
Thrombolysis ( if far away)

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16
Q

What should be administered after this?

A

Aspirin and Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor

Low MW Heparin or Fondaparinux

17
Q

And further to that…? (STEMI treatment)

A

SAAB

18
Q

What is fondaprinux?

A

Synthetic pentasaccharide that inhibits activated factor x

19
Q

List treatments for NSTEMI.

A

Aspirin and Clopidogrel OR Ticagrelor Fondaparinux
Angioplasty (not as emergency)
SAAB

20
Q

What is treatment for troponin negative ACS?

A

SAAB with selective use of angioplasty

21
Q

If chest pain is ongoing after treatment, what should be administered?

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor

e.g Tirofiban

22
Q

What type of drugs are ticagrelor and prasugrel?

A

Antiplatelets

23
Q

What are the 3 crucial goals you must try to achieve in treating AF?

A 
Prevent emboli
Control rate (crucial)
Control rhythm (seldom done, since fairly ineffective)
24
Q

How are emboli prevented in AF?

A

Warfarin/Rivaroxaban

25
Q

How is the rate controlled?

A

Beta blockers

Digoxin

26
Q

How can rhythm control be achieved?

A

DC Cardioversion
Amiodarone if heart failure
Sotalol (II/III) possible
Flecainide (Ic) only if heart structure/function normal

27
Q

List 3 causes of stroke.

A

Cerebral Thrombosis
Cerebral Embolus
Cerebral Haemorrhage

28
Q

If there is no cerebral haemorrhage shown on the CT scan, what drugs are administered to a stroke patient?

A

Aspirin for 2 weeks

Thereafter, clopidogrel

29
Q

List 3 additional drugs used in stroke treatment.

A

Statin
ACE inhibitor
Indapamide

30
Q

What are the common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough
Renal dysfunction (worsen or improve) ANGIONEURMTIC OEDEMA (life-threatening)
Never in pregnancy

31
Q

What are the common side effects of beta blockers?

A

Bradycardia /Heart Block
Tired
Asthma (Not in asthmatics)

32
Q

What are the common side effects of calcium antagonists?

A

Ankle oedema for Amlodipine

Heart Block for Diltiazem & Verapamil

33
Q

What are the common side effects of diuretics?

A

Hypokalaemia
Diabetes
Gout

34
Q

What are the common side effects of angiotensin blockers?

A

Renal dysfunction (worsen or improve) Never in pregnancy

MD3001 (63 decks)

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