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12th grade > apes unit 3 > Flashcards

apes unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

vitamin A deficiency

A

in developing countires, children don’t get enough. lead to infectious diseases n go blind, die a year later usually
green vegetable, mango, yellow sweet potatoes-expensive

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2
Q

fixing vit A deficiency

A

genetic engineer rice to contain beta carotene. substance that the body converts to vit A; cheap way of getting it w/o buying expensive stuff

many critics, some say it might not work out of laboratory

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3
Q

food production

A

produce more than enough for everyone but some rnt getting enough food

1/6 ppl is malnurish in developing

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4
Q

poverty causes

A

hunger/malnutrition

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5
Q

food security

A

every person in area has daily access to enough nutritious food to live healthly. developing countries gov cant provide national food security. therefor, rich countries/organizations have to help

fsecurity depends on reducing harmful envir effects of agri or else poverty will get worse

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6
Q

food to b healthy

A

need large amt of macronutrients (macromolescules) n smaller amt of micronutrients w/ vitamins/minerals

poor ppl mainly eat high carbs n low protein vegetarian diets

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7
Q

chronic undernutrition/hunger

A

ppl who cannot have access to enough food to meet basic needs. children suffer from retardation n stunted growth n die of easily preventive diseases

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8
Q

deficiency

A

1/3 ppl
vit A
iron
iodine

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9
Q

deficiency in iron

A

causes anmesia, fatigue, liable to infection, increase risk of dying during childbirthmostly women/children.

fixed by golden rice

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10
Q

iodine deficiency

A

for thyroid gland-control metabolism. stunted growth, retardation, goiter-swollen/deafness

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11
Q

famine

A

ppl eat seed stored to grow future crops n kill breeding livestock. mass imigration, refugee camps.

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12
Q

overnutrition

A

food intake exceeds energy uses. fat. less than undernutritious

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13
Q

food production system

A

cropland
pastures-meat
aquaculture

biodiveristy threatened by clearing forest for plantation

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14
Q

big three feeds the world

A

wheat,rice, corn

most can’t afford meat, dairy.

seafood is a small amount

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15
Q

industrialized agriculture

A

produce most of food supply, uses alot of fossil fuel, water, fertilizer for crop/livestock

agri is most envir harmful industry

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16
Q

monoculture

A

single crops

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17
Q

plantation agriculture

A

type of industrializard agri used in tropical
cash crops
monoculture
decrease biodiverse

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18
Q

USA: agribusiness

A

indus farming. corporation that makes/distribute food. increasing in yield, decrease in labor. ppl spend less income in USA spent on food.
crops provide more energy than used to grow them but processing n other makes it cost more energy

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19
Q

traditional agri

A 
developing
subsistence
intensive
low input
variety on one plot of land
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20
Q

interplanting

A

diff crops on same plot
reduce chance of losing due to pest

  • polyvarietal
  • intercropping
  • agroforestry (cropsnstree)
  • polyculture
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21
Q

polyculture

A

(diff plants togetlher) food thorughout yr. no pesticides

no erosion. natural predators low input, higher yield than monoculture

22
Q

soil erosion

A

lowers fertility, overload water w/ sediment (water pollution). topsoil needed for food. wind/water. topsoil: renewable but when erodes: nonrenewable

23
Q

sheet erosion

A

surface water/wind peel off thin sheets of soil. long time for perm damage

24
Q

rill erosion

A

fast flowing small stream/channel in soil

25
Q

gully erosion

A

wider than rill erosion rivulets. steep slopes, vegetation removed

26
Q

desertification

A

productive potential of dryland falls bc drought n topsoil degredation. if severe: desert forms.

27
Q

desertification causes

A 
overgasing
deforestation
erosion
salinization
soil compaction
natural
28
Q

desertification

result

A

more drought
famine
economic loose
envir refugee

29
Q

salinization

A

repeated irrigaton reduce yield by causing salt buildup n waterlog plant

30
Q

salinization prevention

A

reduce irrigation

switch to salt-tolerant crops

31
Q

salinization cleanup

A

flush soil (expensive)
stop growing crops for 2-5 yrs
instal underground drainage system

32
Q

waterlogging

A

large amt of water to push salt deeper into soil. accumlates undergound n raise water table. saline water develope nkills root

33
Q

soil conservation

A

eliminate tilling, breaking up soil, keeping soil covered in vegetation

34
Q

conservation tillage farming

A

special tillers, least distrubing

35
Q

other soil conservation

A

terracing
contour planting
strip cropping
windbreaks

keep soil covered by leaving crop residues on land

36
Q

strip cropping

A

row crop n covers the soil

traps eroding soil catches runoff

37
Q

agroforestry

A

crop planted btw tree

38
Q

windbreaks

A

trees around crop fields to reduce wind erosion

39
Q

to restore top soil

A

organic fertilizer or inorganic

40
Q

organic fertilizer

A

animal manure
green manure
compost

41
Q

inorgani

A

nitrogen, phosphorus

potassium

42
Q

green revolution

A

more farming alnd/yield. increase of food per unit. waterm fertilizer, pesticides

  1. monoculture-genetic
  2. produce large yield w/ large input
  3. increase number of crops grown per plot
43
Q

2nd green revolution

A

fast growing wheat
but hindered by lack of water, n other limits, cost n more fertilizer n stuff wont increase yield. grain production is decreasing n getting more land wont help

44
Q

natural capital degration

A

biodiveristy losssoil
water
air oillution
human health

45
Q

third green revolution

A

genetic engineering

46
Q

winged bean

quinoa

A

fast growing
protein rich
reduce malnutrition n envir effect
little fertilizer

47
Q

animal feedlot

A

higher progit. reduce overgazing/erosion, protect biodiverity

needs large input
waste
antibiotic

48
Q

aquaculture

A

raising fish instead of hunting/gathering, fastest growing type of food protection. large land n waste, dense. little fuel

  • fish farming (controlled envir)
  • fish ranching (captive first then release then captured
49
Q

gov influence food production

A

control prices
provide subsitdies
letm arketplace decide

50
Q

pesticides

A

1st generation: natral from plants. nicotine sulfatem pyrethrum, rotenum

2nd: chemistryddt

modern synthetic: safe if used properly

12th grade (39 decks)

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