Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

7th Semester > 400 Exam 4 - Part 2 > Flashcards

400 Exam 4 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common complication of valvular heart disease?

A

Heart Failure;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

• Which of the following disorders is also known as Barlow’s Syndrome?

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

• What is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation/heart failure in developing countries?

A

Rheumatic Fever;
inflammatory d/o that occurs after untreated strep throat

it affects the heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

o Narrowing of the valve lumen

impeded blood flow through the valve

A

valvular stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

o Stretching of the valve leaflet into the atrium during systole

A

valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

• Occurs when the mitral valve leaflets prolapse backward in the left atrium during ventricular systole

most common valvular disorder in the US

A

mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mitral valve prolapse AKA

A

barlow’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mitral valve prolapse is most common in ____ ____.

A

young women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sx of mitral valve prolapse

A 
o	Usually produces no symptoms
o	Dysrhythmias
o	Tachycardia 
o	Light-headedness
o	Syncope
o	Fatigue
o	Lethargy
o	Weakness
o	Dyspnea
o	Chest Tightness
o	Hyperventilation, Anxiety, Depression, Panic Attacks, Typical Chest Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitral valve prolapse is at risk for ____ ____.

A

embolic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what will be heard with mitral valve prolapse

A

“click and murmur”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

education with mitral valve prolapse

A

1st degree relatives need EKG

avoid alcohol/cafeine

good oral hygiene

no piercings/tattoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Occurs when the mitral valve fails to completely close during ventricular systole, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium

A

Mitral Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mitral Regurgitation occurs more in ____.

A

men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of mitral regurgitation

A

endocarditis
CAD
dilated cardiomyopathy
congenital malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sx of mitral regurgitation

A

primary sx of HF: dyspnea, fatigue, weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary symptoms of mitral regurgitation

A

progressive dyspnea on exertion

pulmonar edema

do not have fatigue

CO remains sufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diagnosis of mitral regurgitation by

A

blowing, high-pitched systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Impedes blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle during ventricular diastole (ventricular filling)

A

mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

40% of individuals with rheumatic heart disease develop ______ _____.

A

mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mitral stenosis patients are at an increased for _____ _____

A

cardiac dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

50% of patients with mitral stenosis develop ____ _____.

A

A. Fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sx of mitral stenosis:

A

Fatigue

    Weakness

Dyspnea on exertion

Dry cough or wheezing

Orthopnea

Nocturnal dyspnea

Hemoptysis

Repeated respiratory infections

Ascites

Chest pain

Palpitations

Diastolic murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tx of mild mitral stenosis:

A

diuretics and digitalis

25
Q

tx of moderate to severe mitral stenosis:

A

warfarin

26
Q

tx of severe mitral stenosis:

A

mitral valve replacement surgery

27
Q

patient education for mitral stenosis

A

Sodium-restricted diet to help prevent fluid retention and progressive heart failure

Adjust activity to pt tolerance

Avoid sudden increased in cardiac output

Bleeding precautions if on anticoagulants

28
Q

Occurs when an incompetent aortic valve allows backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole

A

Aortic Regurgitation

29
Q

causes of Aortic Regurgitation

A

inflammatory diseases
congenital abnormalities
rheumatic heart disease

30
Q

Associated with ascending dissecting aortic aneurysm

A

Acute aortic regurgitation:

31
Q

most common risk factor for Acute aortic regurgitation:

A

systemic HTN

32
Q

sx of Acute Aortic Regurgitation

A

mild dyspnea on exertion
gradually symptoms of heart failure and pulmonary edema
feeling of a “forceful” heartbeat

33
Q

hallmark finding of acute aortic regurgitation:

A

a diastolic murmur that is loudest over the aortic area

widened pulse pressure

34
Q

asymptomatic Acute aortic regurgitation:

A

yearly EKG and CXR

35
Q

symptomatic Acute aortic regurgitation:

A

NEED valve surgery

36
Q

heart failure treatment:

A

digitalis and diuretic therapy

37
Q

what is C/I in Acute Aortic Regurgitation:

A

CCB (dilatizem and verapamil)

b/c they decrease ventricular contractility and cause bradycardia

38
Q

Occurs when the aortic valve leaflets become stiff, fused, or calcified and impede blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta during ventricular systole; usually occurs over several years to several decades

A

Aortic Stenosis

39
Q

causes of Aortic Stenosis:

A

Congenital malformations of the aortic valve

Inflammatory heart disease (Endocarditis)

Degenerative disease (Calcification)

40
Q

If patient is <30 years old the cause is usually _____ with aortic stenosis.

A

congenital

41
Q

early sx of aortic stenosis:

A

fatigue

dyspnea

42
Q

late sx of aortic stenosis:

A 
heart failure
angina
syncope
pulmonary congestion
syncope
myocardial ischemia
43
Q

hallmark sx of aortic stenosis:

A

murmur grade 3/6 or 4/6 over carotid artery

44
Q

tx of aortic stenosis

A

percutaneous balloon valvuoplasty

45
Q

balloon used to open a valve to alleviate aortic stenosis

A

Percutaneous balloon valvuoplasty:

46
Q

main therapy for aortic stenosis

A

valve replacement therapy

47
Q

patients with aortic stenosis are at risk for sudden _____ ____.

A

cardiac death

48
Q

HTN is defined as a BP of:

A

above 140/90 mmHg

49
Q

normal BP

A

120/80 mmHg

50
Q

• HTN IS A MAJOR MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR

A

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE,

CARDIAC DISEASE,

RENAL, AND

OCULAR DISORDERS

51
Q

HTN is the “____ ____” because it is often symptom free

A

silent killer

52
Q

HTN is twice as prevalent with ?

A

African Americans

53
Q

risk factors for HTN

A 
smoking
dyslipidemia
diabetes
impaired renal function
obesity
physical inactivity
age
hx of cardiovascular disease
54
Q

Target Organ Damage or Clinical Cardiovascular Disease with HTN

A

heart disease
stroke
chronic kidney disease
peripheral arterial disease

55
Q

modifiable risk factors with HTN

A 
obesity
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
excessive sodium intake
alcohol
chronic emotional stress
atherosclerosis
56
Q

non-modifiable risk factors for HTN

A

o Post-menopausal women

o Age greater than 60

o Hx of diabetes and high cholesterol

o Positive family hx

57
Q

complications of HTN

A 
MI
HF
Renal Failure
Stroke
Impaired vision
58
Q

sx of HTN

A

HA
retinal changes
cotton wool-spots
arterial narrowing

7th Semester (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions