Bio 252 -Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 1

Peripheral vascular disease not in main arteries mostly in _______

Answer 1

periphery (arms & legs)

-may also be in veins or lymphatics

Question 2

PVD largely involves ___ ONLY

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

PVD has changes similar to coronary arteries this means ________ deterioration over ______

Answer 3

gradual deterioration over decades

Question 4

Claudication

Answer 4

-pain as a result of ischemia

Question 5

embolus

Answer 5

non-normal component of blood (ex. air bubble, fat, clot) moving in blood

Question 6

thrombus

Answer 6

stationary blood clot

Question 7

2 forms of peripheral vascular disease

Answer 7

1) Acute Arterial Occlusion

2) Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease

Question 8

Acute Arterial Occlusion

Answer 8

-acute interruption to perfusion d/t thrombus or embolus (blood clot)

Question 9

Mnfts of Acute Arterial Occlusion

Answer 9

7 “ps”

• pistol shot (pain that occurs)
• pallor (pale colour) no blood perfusion to vessel
• pain (ischemic pain)
• pulselessness ex. absence of pedal pulse
• parathesia -odd feeling, tingling or numbing, abnormal sensation
• paralysis-ischemia can cause loss of fx
• polar (cold) -blood carries heat, distribute heat through blood, not receiving adequate blood flow, experience cold

Question 10

Diagnosing Acute Arterial Occlusion

Answer 10

• Physical exam
• blood flow assessment
• Doppler ultrasound -helps to assess blood flow to vessels

Question 11

Treatment of Acute Arterial Occlusion

Answer 11

• surgery
• thrombolytics (category of drug) –drug breaks down the clot, dissolves the clot
• anticoagulants (category of drug) –prevents future clots

Question 12

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 12

• in lower extremities (usually happens in legs)
• atherosclerosis takes long to develop (gradual development, takes years), But occlusion happens quite rapidly
• blood/lymph is not being carried away from tissue adequately causing an increase in waste & fluid accumulation which then causes ischemia and tissue damage

Question 13

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease happens more frequently to

Answer 13

-Elderly (mnfts in 50,60,70, because degeneration of tissue change affects blood vessels)
In younger people with diabetes melliuts (complication of diabetes is vascular disease)

Question 14

Compensation for atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 14

• Vasodilation
• Anaerobic metabolism
• Collateralization (angiogenisis, formation of new vessels to tissue, around obstructed vessels had to happen before occlusion long term scenario, cannot form vessels in minutes)

Question 15

Possible complications of anaerobic metabolism

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis: lactic acid is a by product of anaerobic metabolism, build up of lactic acid causes metabolic acidosis because lactic acid is a fixed acid not a volatile

Question 16

manifestations of Atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 16

• intermittent claudication – ischemic pain upon walking

- others develop later

Question 17

Treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 17

• symptomatic management

- decrease cardiovascular risks

Question 18

what happens if there is not treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 18

if no treatment ulceration and gangrene happens resulting in amputation