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CRAAB II > Hematuria > Flashcards

Hematuria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common test for blood and protein in the urine?

A

Urine dipstick

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2
Q

When can false negatives happen in urine dipsticks?

A

formalin or high urinary concentrations of vitamin C

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3
Q

when can false positives happen in urine dipsticks?

A

alkaline urine or contamination with oxidizing agents used to clean the perineum

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4
Q

What is the threshold for hematuria

A

2 RBCs/High power field in adults

5 RBCs/High power field children

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5
Q

Frequent causes of hematuria?

A

Transient unexplained
UTI
Stone
Cancer

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6
Q

Urine sediment red

A

Hematuria

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7
Q

Urine supernatant red

A

not hematuria, need to dipstick for hgb

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8
Q

Red supernatant negative for heme

A

Porphyria
Phenazopyridine
Beets

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9
Q

Beeturia is caused by

A

betalaine

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10
Q

Plasma clear (red sup. positive for heme)

A

myoglobinuria

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11
Q

plasma red (red sup. positive for heme)

A

hemoglobinuria

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12
Q

red blood cell casts

A

glom. neph

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13
Q

proteinuria

A

glom. disease

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14
Q

Glomerular indices

A 
Red cell casts
proteinuria
dysmorphic red cells
smokey brown color
clots
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15
Q

Most common causes of persistent microscopic hematuria in children

A

Glomerulopathies
Hypercalciuria
Nutcracker syndrome

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16
Q

Epidemiology of stones

A

Rate increases with age
Men > women
Whites > blacks
7-10/1000 hospital admissions

17
Q

80% of stones are made of this

A

calcium

18
Q

Symptoms of stones

A
  • Flank and abdominal pain
  • Testicle/labial pain
  • pain waxes and wanes
  • gross/microscopic hematuria

Possible nausea, vomiting, dysuria, urgency

19
Q

Risk factors for calcium stone formation

A
  • Increased calcium excretion (hypercalciuria)
  • Increased uric acid excretion (hyperuricosuria)
  • Reduced citrate excretion (hypocitraturia)
  • Low urine volume
  • Increased oxalate excretion
20
Q

Hypocitraturia occurs during

A

metabolic acidosis

21
Q

Urease producing organisms

A

proteus and klebsiella

CRAAB II (7 decks)

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