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CRAAB II > URIs > Flashcards

URIs Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways bacterial organisms cause disease

A
  1. toxin production
  2. host immune response
  3. bacterial proliferation and invasion
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2
Q

3 ways viral organisms cause disease

A
  1. cytopathic effect
  2. host immune response
  3. tumorigenesis
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3
Q

Why is the respiratory system frequently infected

A

direct contact with microbes in the environment. continuous exposure.

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4
Q

Anatomical adaptations of the respiratory tract that help evade pathogens?

A

Mucociliary lining of the nasal cavity
mucus contains lysozyme and lactoferrin, IgA
Change of direction of the airway from sinus to pharynx
Alveolar macrophages eliminate microorganisms in lung
Ciliary elevator
Normal flora

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5
Q

what do the baffle plates do?

A

Cause air to swirl as it passes over causing swirling pattern that forces potential pathogens to make contact with the mucus over the nasal passages.

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6
Q

Describe the mucociliary escalator

A

contains (1) goblet cells (2) ciliated epithelium
Mucus is a physical barrier produced by the goblet cells
Cilia push.
Pathogen is trapped and then pushed out.

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7
Q

Smoking and the mucociliary excalator

A

damages it

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8
Q

When you hear common cold - first think of this organism

A

rhinovirus

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9
Q

What virus causes colds in the summer?

A

Adenovirus

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10
Q

Breakdown viral classification of Rhinovirus

A 
RNA
Icosahedral nucleocapsid
non enveloped
SS (+) nonsegmented - Class IV
Picronavirdae
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11
Q

How does rhinovirus invade?

A

attaches the nasal passages using ICAM of the cells.

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12
Q

Coronavirus classification

A 
RNA
helical nucleocapsid
enveloped
ss (+) nonsegmented - class IV
Coronaviridae
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13
Q

Influenza virus classification

A 
RNA
helical nucleocapsid
Enveloped
ss (-) SEGMENTED genome (V)
orthomyxoviridae
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14
Q

Coxackievirus classification

A 
RNA
icosahedral nucleocapsid
non enveloped
SS (+) nonsegmented genome (IV)
Picornaviridae
Enterovirus
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15
Q

Parainfluenza classification

A 
RNA virus
Helical nucleocapsid
Enveloped
SS (-) nonsegmented genome
paramyxoviridae
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16
Q

Adenovirus classification

A 
DNA virus
icosahedral nucleocapsid
Nonenveloped
DS linear DNA (Group 1)
Adenoviridae
Mastadenovirus
17
Q

Sinusitis definition

A

Inflammatory condition of any of the 4 pairs of sinuses in the skull

18
Q

Acute rhinosinusitis

A

inflammation or infection of the mucosa of the nasal passages and at least one of the paranasal sinuses that typically lasts no longer than 4 weeks.

19
Q

Are most cases of sinusitis bacterial or viral?

A

Viral

20
Q

Differentiating viral vs. bacterial sinusitis?

A

Typically if lasts longer than 7 days or includes facial swelling or tooth pain = bacterial (ADULTS)
If longer than 10-14 days, fever, face pain and swelling (CHILD)

21
Q

Common causes of community acquired bacterial rhinosinusitis?

A

Strep pneumo

haemophilus influenzae

22
Q

abx therapy for bacterial rhino?

A

amoxicillin (augmenten) or azithro

23
Q

Group A strep

A

Pharyngitis in children ages 5 to 15
Fever, severe pain upon swallowing (sudden onset), headache, nausea, vomiting, ab. pain.
red tonsils with or without exudate
enlarged tender cervical lymph nodes

24
Q

Abx for group A strep?

A

penicillin or erythromycin (penicillin allergy)

25
Q

Strep pyogenes breakdown

A 
Gram pos
cocci
catalase neg
b hemolytic
bacitracin sensitive
26
Q

How is scarlet fever caused by strep pyogenes?

A

stroptococcal pyogenic exotoxins ssa, specA and specC

superantigens

27
Q

What is characteristic in diagnosing scarlet fever?

A

strawberry tongue

28
Q

C. diphtheriae breakdown

A

Gram pos
bacilli
non spore forming
non motile

29
Q

Exotoxin in diptheria?

A

AB exotoxin

30
Q

Croup cough sounds like a

A

bark

31
Q

RSV breakdown

A 
helical nucleocapsid
enveloped
ss (-) nonsegmented
paramyxoviridae
pneumovirus
RSV
32
Q

How does RSV result in multinucleated cells?

A

F protein on surface can cause cell membranes of nearby cells to fuse.

33
Q

How to distinguish between croup and epiglottitis?

A

Croup - gradual onset, no drool

Epiglottitis - rapid onset, drooling

CRAAB II (7 decks)

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