5.5 plant abd animal response

Question 1

where are tannins found
properties

Answer 1

toxic to microorganisms and small herbivores
Taste bad to large herbivores upper epidermis in leaves

Question 2

alkaloids

Answer 2

taste bitter to herbivores

Located in growing tips flowers
peripheral layers of cells in the roots and shoots

Question 3

What are pheromones

Answer 3

They attract predators to eat herbivores

Question 4

What’s a trophic response

Answer 4

A directional growth response determined by the direction of the stimulus

Question 5

positive geotropism

Answer 5

Growth towards the pole of gravity

Question 6

negative geotropism

Answer 6

Growth away from the pull of gravity

Question 7

positive phototropism

Answer 7

Growth towards the light source

Question 8

Negative phototropic

Answer 8

Grow away from the light source

Question 9

positive chemotropism

Answer 9

Growth towards chemical signals

Question 10

negative chemotropism

Answer 10

Growing away from chemicals

Question 11

Positive thigmotropism

Answer 11

Growth towards contact

Question 12

negative thigmotropism

Answer 12

Growth away from contact

Question 13

what’s a nastic response

Answer 13

A non-directional response in response to a stimulus

opp of tropism

Question 14

 how do plants produce responses 

Answer 14

hormones are molecules that are released by tissues and move by the xylem or pholem or by diffusion/active transport to neighbouring cells

. They act as messengers carrying a signal from the tissue to a specific target cell tissue or organ .

The molecule binds to specific receptor on the external side of the cell surface membrane.

Binding into this receptor brings about changes inside the cell



Question 15

why don’t all plants sell tissues respond to all the plant hormones

Answer 15

Hormones are specific so they have to bind into the complimentary receptor

Question 16

How do cells elongate

Answer 16

hormone binds to the receptor on the cell surface membrane
H plus is pumped into the cell wall
This decreases pH as hydrogen bonds in the cellulose are broken
Cell will becomes less rigid
water moves into cells by osmosis
Cells expand

Question 17

effect of cytokinines

Answer 17

promote cell division
Delay leaf senescence
Overcome spatial dominance
Promote cell expansion

Question 18

effect of abscisic acid

Answer 18

Inhibit seed germination and growth
Causes stomal closure when plant is stressed by low water availability

Question 19

Effect of auxin

Answer 19

promote cell elongation
Inhibit growth of sides shoots
Inhibit leaf abcission - stops leaves from falling

Question 20

Affect of gibberellins

Answer 20

promote see germination and growth of standskg

Question 21

How do plants lose their leaves in autumn?

Answer 21

lower day length causes low auxin
Increases sensitivity to

Question 22

What are the divisions of the nervous system

Answer 22

Question 23

autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

 part of the nervous system responsible for controlling involuntary motor activities of the body

normally ynmyelinated

Question 24

Somatic nervous system

Answer 24

The motor neurons are under conscious control
normally myelinated

Question 25

Differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic system

Answer 25

sympathetic – flight or flight Parasympathetic – rest and digest system

Question 26

hypothalamus

Answer 26

Controls body temperature Main controlling region for autonomic Controls complex patterns of behaviour Rich blood supply monitors blood plasma

Question 27

Cerebrum

Answer 27

vision hearing learning thinking – complex behaviours Somatic nervous system = voluntary conscious function

Question 28

Pituitary gland

Answer 28

Controls hormone release by body glands controlled by hypothalamus

Question 29

medulla oblongata

Answer 29

Controls heart rate and breathing rate Regulatory centre for autonomic nervous system

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

Balance and posture

Question 31

what are reflex actions

Answer 31

Sensory neuron Relay neuron motor Neuron 

Question 32

Blinking reflex

Answer 32

stimulus – touch, bright light, loud sounds Sensory nerve endings in the cornea stimulated by touch action potential e sent to sensory neuron to relay neuron to a motor neuron Neurons send it to an effector - muscles in the face causing eyelids to close 

Question 33

knee jerk reflex

Answer 33

helps to maintain posture and balance  Stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle detect the muscle is being stretched Nerve impulse is passed along a sensory neuron which communicates directly with a motor in the spinal cord neurone carries action central to effector causing muscle to contract so leg moves forward quickly

Question 34

types of muscle

Answer 34

Cardiac Smooth Skeletal

Question 35

Smooth muscle

Answer 35

involuntary muscle non striated uninucrlate slow controlled by autonomic nervous system

Question 36

Cardiac muscle

Answer 36

striated branched cells myogenic - contracts without nervous stimulation uninucleatrd contracts in a squeezing motion coz of cross bridges - intermediate speed

Question 37

skeletal/striated/voluntary

Answer 37

controlled consciously - moves limbs striated cylindrical rapid contraction multi nucleated