Chapter 26 - The Pediatric Abdomen

Question 1

describes the absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failure of the bile to enter the alimentary tract (i.e., secondary to obstruction); the stool is claylike and colorless

Answer 1

Acholic

Question 2

inflammation of the appendix

Answer 2

appendicitis

Question 3

fecalith or calcification located within the appendix; echogenic

Answer 3

appendicolith

Question 4

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure

Answer 4

atretic

Question 5

hereditary disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait; clinical manifestations include umbilical hernia (exomphalos), macroglossia, and gigantism, often accompanied by visceromegaly and dysplasia of the renal medulla; also called exophthalmos-macroglossia-gigantism (EMG) syndrome

Answer 5

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Question 6

closure or absence of some or all of the major bile ducts

Answer 6

biliary atresia

Question 7

congenital cystic malformation of the common bile duct

Answer 7

choledochal cyst

Question 8

excessive development of one side or one half of the body or an organ

Answer 8

hemihypertrophy

Question 9

thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum; occurs more frequently in males

Answer 9

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)

Question 10

thickened by absorption, evaporation, or dehydration

Answer 10

inspissated

Question 11

occurs when bowel prolapses into distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion

Answer 11

intussusception

Question 12

infant in the first 28 days of life

Answer 12

neonate

Question 13

(Wilms’ tumor) a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Answer 13

nephroblastoma

Question 14

a malignant hemorrhagic tumor principally consisting of cells resembling neuroblasts that give rise to cells of the sympathetic system (especially the adrenal medulla)

Answer 14

neuroblastoma

Question 15

condition in pyloric stenosis in the neonatal period; after drinking, the infant experiences projectile vomiting secondary to the obstruction in the pylorus

Answer 15

projectile vomiting

Question 16

located between the stomach and duodenum

Answer 16

pyloric canal

Question 17

photographing the scintillations emitted by radioactive substances injected into the body; this test is used to determine the outline and function of organs and tissues in which the radioactive substance collects or is secreted

Answer 17

scintigraphy

Question 18

frequently associated with sectional areas of the gastrointestinal tract; the muscle is hyperechoic, and the inner core is hypoechoic

Answer 18

target (donut) sign

Question 19

(nephroblastoma) a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Answer 19

Wilms’ tumor