Chapter 14 - The Urinary System

Question 1

small artery that carries blood into the glomerulus of the nephron

Answer 1

afferent arteriole

Question 2

small arteries that lie at the bases of the renal pyramids and appear as echogenic structures

Answer 2

arcuate arteries

Question 3

laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood; waste products accumulate in the blood when kidneys malfunction

Answer 3

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 4

the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule enclosing a glomerulus; site of filtration of the kidney; contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids

Answer 4

Bowman’s capsule

Question 5

part of the renal collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx

Answer 5

calyx

Question 6

bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; may mimic a renal mass on sonography when prominent

Answer 6

columns of Bertin

Question 7

refers to the outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Answer 7

cortex

Question 8

a product of metabolism; laboratory test that measures the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste; waste products accumulate in the blood when the kidneys are malfunctioning

Answer 8

creatinine (Cr)

Question 9

normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulge on the lateral border

Answer 9

dromedary hump

Question 10

small artery that carries blood from the glomerulus of the nephron and conducts blood to the peritubular capillaries that surround the renal tubule

Answer 10

efferent arteriole

Question 11

another term for the renal fascia

Answer 11

Gerota’s fascia

The kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, Gerota’s fascia, and pararenal fat

Question 12

network of capillaries that are part of the filtration process in the kidney

Answer 12

glomerulus

Question 13

area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit

Answer 13

hilus

Question 14

maintenance of normal body physiology

Answer 14

homeostasis

Question 15

congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles

Answer 15

horseshoe kidney

Question 16

dilation of the renal collecting system

Answer 16

hydronephrosis

Question 17

portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions

Answer 17

loop of Henle

Reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle

Question 18

receive urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis

Answer 18

major calyces (also known as the infundibula)

Question 19

the inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the loop of Henle

Answer 19

medulla (also known as the pyramid)

Question 20

receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus

Answer 20

minor calyces

Question 21

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

Answer 21

Morison’s pouch

Question 22

functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Answer 22

nephron

Question 23

interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral

Answer 23

renal agenesis

Question 24

first layer adjacent to the kidney that forms a tough, fibrous covering

Answer 24

renal capsule

Question 25

part of the nephron that consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Answer 25

renal corpuscle

Question 26

a kidney that is not located in its usual position, usually found in the pelvic cavity

Answer 26

renal ectopia (ectopic kidney)

Question 27

area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

Answer 27

renal hilum

Question 28

incomplete development of the kidney, usually with fewer than five calyces

Answer 28

renal hypoplasia

Question 29

area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter

Answer 29

renal pelvis

Question 30

one of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla. The base of each pyramid adjoins the kidney’s cortex; the apex terminates at a renal calyx. The pyramids consist of the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephrons

Answer 30

renal pyramid

Question 31

central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics

Answer 31

renal sinus

Question 32

space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity

Answer 32

retroperitoneum

Question 33

laboratory tests that measure how much dissolved material is present in the urine

Answer 33

specific gravity

Question 34

retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder

Answer 34

ureters

Question 35

small, membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder

Answer 35

urethra

Question 36

muscular retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine

Answer 36

urinary bladder

Question 37

stone within the urinary system

Answer 37

urolithiasis