Disorders of Skin integrity and function Flashcards
Tinea (fungal infection) and appearance
- Tinea corpus: ringworm
- Children most prone
- Transmission is from kittens, puppies, other children
Appearance
- Circular/oval lesions on trunk, back buttocks
- Red papule with sharp border
- Pruritus, mild burning, erythema
Tinea Capitis and appearance
-Most common for children
-Usually scalp and shaft of hair
Appearance
-Primary lesions
- gray, round, hairless patches
Inflammatory type
-Delayed hypersensitivity
-Pustular, scaly, round
-Can evolve to bacterial infection
Tinea Pedis and appearance
-Athlete’s foot
-Between toes, soles/sides of feet
Risk
-Males > females
-Barefoot in public swimming pools, sauna’s etc.
-Sharing area/clothes with someone with infection
-Recurrance with exercise/sweating
Appearance
-Mild to inflamed lesion
-Possible exudate
-Painful, pruritus
-Foul odor
Candidiasis
-Yeast-like fungus: Candida albicans
-Normally in GI tract, mouth, vagina
-Thrives in warm, moist areas of skin
Oral infection can be:
-d/t long-term antibiotic use
initial sign of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Appearance
-Red rash with well-defined border
-Pruritus, burning
-Can form pustules, infection
Impetigo
-Common in infant and young children
-Usually d/t staphylococci or streptococci
-Highly contagious
Appearance
-Small vesicle on face (usually)
-Ruptures honey-colored serous that hardens and crusts
-Pruritis
-Multiplies with scratching
Cellulitis and manifestations
-Deeper infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
-Normal skin flora or exogenous bacteria
-Transmission via previous skin opening/injury
-Handling fish
-Swimming
-Animal bites
Manifestations
-red, edematous, shiny
-Possible fever, pain
-Can result in septicemia if not treated properly
Necrotizing Fasciitis and risks
Rare bacterial infection Usually streptococcal but can be others Involves deep skin and facial plane of subcutaneous tissues Infection that starts on the surface but grows inward Risks Immunocompromized Cancer Diabetes Recent major infection
Necrotizing Fasciitis manifestations & Treatment
Manifestations
red, swollen, painful area that expands quickly
Signs/symptoms of inflammation/infection
Progresses to sepsis
Treatment needs to be immediate
Antibiotics – high doses
Surgical debridement
Verrucae (warts) Transmission and appearance
Benign human papillomavirus (HPV) lesion Invades keratinocytes Multiple kinds/shapes/sizes Transmission Direct contact via break in skin Sexual contact for genital warts Non-genital warts common
Appearance
Small, gray-white to tan flat papules with rough surface
Herpes Simplex (cold sore) & transmission/appearance
-Associated with oropharynx infections (Type 1)
Triggers: stress, menses, infection, UV burns
Transmission while active
-Direct contact with infected saliva
-Skin contact via athletics/dentistry/healthcare
-Sexual contact (usually results in Type 2)
Appearance of HS Type 1
-burning, tingling pustules that crust and heal
-Common on face, mouth, nasal septum
-More often and sever if immunosuppressed
Herpes Zoster (shingles) & risks
Result of reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection dormant in dorsal root ganglia since primary childhood infection Travels up dermatome Transmission when active Risk h/o chicken pox varicell –zoster infection Age HIV, immunosuppression Malignancies Corticosteroid/chemo/radiation therapy
Herpes Zoster (cont) manifestations and complications
Manifestations -Burning pain, pruritis -Sensitive skin -Vesicles form, erupt, crust, fall off -2-6 weeks Complications -Neuralgia 1-3 months after skin clears (common) -Blindness if contact with eyes (permanent, rare)
Acne Vulgaris: non-inflammatory & inflammatory
Lesions of face, neck, back (usually) d/t increased testosterone during puberty
85% of teens
Self-esteem issues
Familial connection
Non-inflammatory Sebaceous glands plug up Blackheads: melanin moves into gland Whitehead: pale, fatty acid irritation Inflammatory Pustules, nodules, cysts
Rosacea
-Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of UKE
-Usually affects middle-aged adults, women
Manifestations
-Repeated “blushing” episodes, eventually remains
-Usually nose, cheeks
-Inflammatory facial pustules, nodules, edema
-Dry itchy burning eyes
-Telangiectasia (spider veins)
-Skin thickens and is sensitive to heat
Psoriasis and manifestations
-Chronic skin inflammation
-3rd decade onset
Risk: heredity, age
Manifestations
-Well-defined red plaques with silver scales (flat or raised)
-Elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral, intragluteal cleft
Hyperkeratosis: epidermal thickening over time permanent damage to capillaries leads to bleeding points under scales
