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Science for Medicine > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary tissue types?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Connective tissue]
  • Muscle
  • Nerve
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2
Q

What are epidermal cells termed as?

A

Keratinocytes

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3
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A

Prevents water loss by evaporation

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4
Q

What are the functions of the dermis?

A
  • Reduces the risk of external injury
  • Maintains the epidermis by its blood flow
  • Permits body cooling
  • Immune surveillance
  • UV protection
  • Energy storage
  • Sensory information
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5
Q

What does the epidermis consist of?

A

Epithelium which forms boundaries between internal and external compartments

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6
Q

What does the dermis consist of?

A

Connective tissue which give structural support

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7
Q

How can epithelial be described?

A

Stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

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8
Q

What kind of origin does epidermis have?

A

Ectodermal origin

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of epidermal cells?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
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10
Q

Describe keratinocytes.

A
  • Most frequent
  • Contain keratin
  • Hard and resistant to abrasion
  • Extrude lipids making it waterproof
  • Constantly dividing
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11
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Pigment formation and injection of melanin in the str. germinaticum

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12
Q

What is the function of Langerhan cells?

A

Immune surveillance

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13
Q

What is the function of Merkel cells?

A

Touch receptors

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14
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from outside in?

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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15
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum.

A
  • Spinous layer
  • Cells shrink post mortem and desmosomes create spines
  • Little structural evidence of activity
  • Preparative layer for keratinisation
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16
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum.

A
  • Presence of granules defines the layer

- Granules of keratohylain

17
Q

What 2 layers can be difficult distinguish?

A

Stratum corneum and Stratum lucidum

18
Q

Describe the stratum corneum.

A
  • Conversion of keratohyalin to keratin
  • Lots of disulphide linkages give strength
  • No organelles
  • Desmosomes bind cells
  • Fortnightly turnover
19
Q

What is keratinisation?

A

Organic process whereby keratin is deposited in cells and these become horny as in dead skin, nails and hair

20
Q

How does epidermal thickness vary?

A
  • Palms and soles of feet are thick skin

- Abdominal skin is thin

21
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary layer

- Reticular layer

22
Q

Describe the papillary layer

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Cellular
  • Irregular interface with epidermis
  • Protective against pathogens
  • Contains blood vessels and nerve endings
23
Q

Describe the reticular layer.

A
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
  • Collagen bundles in three planes
  • Elastic fibres
24
Q

How does keratin originate?

A

Originates as lamellated granules in str. granulosum

25
Q

How is skin waterproofed?

A
  • Keratin in cells waterproofs

- Intracellular spaces filled with lipid cement

26
Q

What is responsible for skin colour?

A
  • Blood
  • Carotene
  • Melanin
27
Q

What does melanin do?

A

Protects us against UV

28
Q

Describe hair in relation to skin.

A
  • Mainly for vanity but has a practical use in skin repair

- Derived from the epithelial layer

29
Q

Describe the origin of hair follicles.

A
  • From epidermis in utero
  • Down growth of epithelial cells
  • Invasion of know of blood vessels
  • Growth of hair
  • Continuity with layers of epidermis
30
Q

What does a hair follicle consist of?

A
  • Hair and sheath
  • Arrector pili muscles
  • Sebaceous glands
31
Q

Describe arrector pili muscles?

A
  • Attached to follicle root and base epidermis
  • Follicle at angle
  • Hair straightens when muscle contracts
32
Q

Describe sebaceous glands?

A
  • Between follicle and arrector pili muscle
  • Secretes sebum
  • Function uncertain
33
Q

What skin glands are there?

A
  • Sebaceous- hair follicles
  • Apocrine sweat glands (BO)
  • Eccrine sweat glands
34
Q

Describe eccrine sweat glands.

A
  • Simple tubular glands
  • Located in the dermis
  • Coiled secretory portion
  • Coiled and straight duct in dermis
  • Spiral channel in epidermis
  • Watery secretion
  • Thermoregulatory
35
Q

What is involved in thermoregulation/

A
  • Sweat glands
  • Blood vessels
  • Hair (but not in human)
36
Q

What sensory endings are there in skin?

A
  • Meissener’s corpuscles: light touch in fingertips
  • Paccinian corpuscles: vibration and pressure
  • Pain receptors
  • Thermoreceptors

Science for Medicine (50 decks)

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