Module 3

Question 1

What 2 types of immunization is there?

Answer 1

induced - vaccination

augmented - boostershot

Question 2

What is immunity?

Answer 2

Resistance to specific disease

Question 3

What is antigen?

Answer 3

Also called immunogen

Substance that induces immune response (bacteria, viruses)

Question 4

What is an antibody?

Answer 4

“Products” of immune response (globulin)

Question 5

What is immunoglobulin?

Answer 5

an antibody, immune glovin, Ig

Question 6

What is IgM?

Answer 6

1st antibody produced, indicates current or recent infection (star)

Question 7

What is IgG

Answer 7

2nd antibody produced, indicates past infection (Y shape)

Question 8

What happens when an antigen infects?

Answer 8

Cellular immune system (T cells) or humoral immune system (B cells) are activated and combine to defend the body against cancer, foreign cells, protozoa, fungi, bacteria and viruses

Question 9

What do humoral immune cells produce?

Answer 9

Specific antibodies IgM then IgG and memory cells

Question 10

What do cellular immune cells produce?

Answer 10

lymphokines (80 diff products) and memory cells

Question 11

What are plasma cells?

Answer 11

produce antibodies

Question 12

What are memory cells?

Answer 12

dont currently produce antibodies but can be activated in the future

Question 13

Describe the production of antibodies

Answer 13

1. antigenic stimulation of B cells (lymphocytes)
   - clone of plasma cells and memory cells
2. Immune response after primary immunization
   - no detectable antibodies for a week
   - Small burst of IgM 1st
   - small busrt of IgG 2nd
3. Immune response 2nd, 3rd, booster shorts
   - immediate response due to memory cells
   - small burst IgM, large burst IgG provide protective levels

Question 14

What is a clinical case?

Answer 14

have symptoms

Question 15

What is sub clinical

Answer 15

No symptoms

Question 16

What is titer?

Answer 16

How much antibody is present.

Not enough antibodies = low titer

Question 17

What factors affect response to immunization?

Answer 17

1. individual differences - inheritence, disease affecting immune system, general health
2. Site of injection - type of tissue, too much fat may absorb antigen so it does not reach b cells
3. Immunization product - manufacturers strive to improve them and give better response
4. Product failure - bad batch, improper storage

Question 18

What products are used for immunization?

Answer 18

1. Vaccine - Suspension of non pathogenic virus/bacteria to stimulate antibody reaction (measles, mumps, polio)
2. Toxoid - Prepared by extracting bacterial exotoxin from a culture and treating it so it is not toxic but still antigenic (tetanus uses toxoid)

Question 19

What is innate immunity?

Answer 19

Immune because we are human, diseases specific to birds, plants etc we are immune to them

Question 20

What is Acquired immunity?

Answer 20

Any type not innate and obtained during life

Question 21

What is natural acquired immunity?

Answer 21

Natural process from getting a disease, maternal transfer

Question 22

What is artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 22

Antigen given purposefully to induce immunity (injection)

Question 23

What is active immunity?

Answer 23

Individual is given/exposed to an antigen, own antibodies are produced (immunizations).

Question 24

What is passive immunity?

Answer 24

Person acquires preformed antibodies for treatment or short term prevention (immune globulins).

Question 25

What is rubella?

Answer 25

German measles

Face/body rash 2-3 days or no symptoms

Question 26

What is the danger of rubella during pregnancy?

Answer 26

• can cross placenta and infect fetus
• stillborn
• defects

Question 27

Who should be immunized against Hep B?

Answer 27

All HC workers

Question 28

What is the schedule of the Hep B vaccine?

Answer 28

2 shots 1 month apart, 3rd shot 6 months later