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Nervous System > Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology > Flashcards

Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Give differential diagnoses for conditions causing a red eye

A 
Uveitis 
Conjunctivitis 
Scleritis 
Acute glaucoma 
Keratitis/corneal ulcer 
Orbital cellulitis
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2
Q

Presentation of preseptal cellulitis

A

Systemically well
Pain, redness and swelling of eyelid
May be able to see an obvious bite/puncture mark

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3
Q

Presentation of uveitis

A

Red eye
Blurred vision
Light sensitivity

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4
Q

Part of the eye most commonly affected by uveitis

A

Anterior

can also affect intermediate and posterior

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5
Q

What is panuveitis?

A

Uveitis affecting the whole eye

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6
Q

Causes of uveitis

A

Systemic disease
Idiopathic
Infection
Malignancy

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7
Q

Treatment of uveitis

A

Topical anti-inflammatory steroid drops and eye drops to dilate pupil and reduce scarring if anterior
Systemic immunosuppressants if posterior

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8
Q

Presentation of acute angle glaucoma

A

Severe pain
Vomiting
Fixed, dilated pupil
Pupil non-responsive to light

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9
Q

Treatment of corneal abrasion

A

Usually resolves on its own in 2-3 days, can give antibiotics to reduce risk of secondary infection

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10
Q

Presentation of orbital cellulitis

A 
Pain, redness and swelling of eyelid 
Systemically unwell 
Double vision 
Conjunctivitis/chemosis 
Exopthalmos 
Blurred vision
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11
Q

Common causes of orbital cellulitis

A

Sinusitis
Dental infection
Haematological spread of infection

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12
Q

Treatment of orbital cellulitis

A

IV/oral antibiotics

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13
Q

Examples of benign orbital tumours

A

Capillary haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
Pleomorphic adenoma
Optic nerve glioma

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14
Q

Examples of malignant orbital tumours

A 
Lymphoma 
Metastatic regional spread 
Rhabdomyosarcoma 
Lacrimal gland carcinoma 
Osteosarcoma 
Liposarcoma 
Primary melanoma
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15
Q

Examples of benign eyelid tumours

A 
Squamous cell papilloma 
Basal cell papilloma 
Melanocytic naevus 
Actinic keratosis 
Pyogenic granuloma 
Keratoacanthoma 
Capillary haemangioma 
Cavernous haemangioma
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16
Q

Examples of malignant eyelid tumours

A 
Basal cell carcinoma 
Squamous cell carcinoma 
Sebaceous gland carcinoma 
Melanoma 
Kaposi sarcoma 
Merkel cell carcinoma
17
Q

Presentation of squamous cell papilloma

A

Pedunculated or sessile

“raspberry texture”

18
Q

Presentation of basal cell papilloma

A

Similar texture to squamous cell papilloma (“raspberry”)
Stuck-on appearance
Brown, flat, round/oval lesions

19
Q

Early signs of transformation of lesions from benign to malignant

A 
Asymmetry 
Irregular border 
Colour - not consistent, very dark 
Diameter > 6mm
Evolving (growing)
20
Q

Signs suggestive of nodular malignant melanoma

A

Elevated
Firm to touch
Growing

21
Q

Presentation of pyogenic granuloma

A

Fast growing
Highly vascularised
Erythematous pedunculated mass

22
Q

Presentation of actinic keratosis

A

Flat, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin

Related to sun exposure

23
Q

Presentation of keratoacanthoma

A

Rapidly growing
Pink papule, hyperkeratotic crater
Associated with sun exposure and immunosuppression
May be spontaneous involution

24
Q

Treatment of capillary haemangioma

A

Beta-blockers
Intra-lesional steroid
Surgery

25
Q

Presentation of cavernous haemangioma

A

Well demarcated pink patch
Darkens with age
Does not involute

26
Q

Features suggestive of basal cell carcinoma

A 
Slow, inexorable growth over months 
Non-pigmented 
Elevated 
Ulcerated 
Pearly, rolled, irregular border 
Telangiectasia 
Lack of tenderness - painless
27
Q

Clinical subtypes of basal cell carcinoma

A

Nodular
Ulcerative
Morpheaform/infiltrative

28
Q

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A 
Surgical excision (Mohs surgery) 
Imiquimod, efudex topical treatment 
Chemotherapy 
Cryotherapy 
Radiotherapy 
Photodynamic therapy
29
Q

Presentation of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Scaly surface over a thick plaque

Growth over weeks (rather than months)

30
Q

Presentation of sebaceous gland carcinoma

A 
Recurrent chalazion 
Unilateral blepharitis 
Nodular, indurated lid margin 
Yellow discolouration 
Pagetoid spread along the conjunctiva
31
Q

Types of cutaneous malignant melanoma

A

Lentigo maligna
Superficial spreading
Nodular

Nervous System (44 decks)

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