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FALLAnatomy > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The Lymphatic System carries out the immune response through a network of
lymphatic vessels that collect _______from the body’s interstitial spaces,
filters the fluid through _________then returns it to the _________.

A

excess fluid (lymph)
lymph nodes
bloodstream.

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2
Q

Specialized lymphatic capillaries are _______

A

lacteals

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3
Q
  • occur in the fingerlike projections (villi) of the small intestinal lining
  • absorb lipids from the intestinal tract
  • the ____ in lacteals is called chyle and is creamy-white in color
A

lacteals

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4
Q

Functions of the Lymphatic System

(1) Drains __
(2) Transports ______
(3) Protects_________

A

excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces.

dietary lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood.

against invasion through the immune responses.

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels begin as closed-ended vessels called ________________ in
spaces between tissue cells.

A

lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q 
Lymphatic vessels occur throughout the body alongside\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (in the viscera) or
alongside \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (in the subcutaneous tissue).
A

arteries

veins

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7
Q

Similarities to Veins
●lymphatic vessel valves are present to prevent _____________________
●walls of lymphatic vessels consist of the same ________ tunics, but the
tunics are ________________ in lymphatic vessels

●lymphatic vessels receive nutrients from
____________

A

the backward flow of lymph

three

thinner & poorly defined

vasa vasorum

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8
Q

Differences to Veins

●lymphatic vessels are _______-ended
●lymphatic vessels have a larger _______
●lymphatic vessels have ______ tunics
●lymphatic vessels have -___________; are collagenous-type fibers extending from the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries to surrounding tissue space
●ends of the ________________making up the wall of lymphatic capillaries overlap

A 
closed
diameter
thinner
anchoring filaments
endothelial cells
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9
Q

The Flow Pattern of Lymph

A 
interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
↓
lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
↓
lymphatic vessels (lymph)
↓
lymphatic trunks (lymph)
↓
lymphatic ducts (lymph)
↓
subclavian veins (blood plasma)
↓
arteries (blood plasma)
↓
blood capillaries (blood plasma
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10
Q

The nine major trunks:

A

lumbar, jugular, subclavian, & bronchomediastinal each of
which occurs in pairs (left & right for each side of the body)
and a single intestinal trunk.

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11
Q

The nine major trunks pass their lymph into two main channels: ______

From these channels lymph → venous blood.

A

thoracic duct aka

left lymphatic duct & right lymphatic duct.

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12
Q

Thoracic duct :

begins as enlarged region of the lymphatic vessel

_________ + ________+left lumbar trunk =
enlarged region called
______________

A

•intestinal trunk + right lumbar
trunk + left lumbar trunk =
enlarged region called
cisterna chyli

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13
Q

Thoracic Duct & Right Lymphatic Duct drains lymph into the____________
Veins at their junctures with the Internal Jugular Veins.

A

Left & Right Subclavian

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14
Q

Thoracic Duct or Right lymphatic duct Receives lymph from the entire body inferior
to the ribs?

A

Thoracic Duct

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15
Q

The flow of lymph from tissue spaces is maintained by__________and _____________

A

(1) primarily by
the contraction of skeletal muscles, (2) one-way valves (similar to those
in veins),

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16
Q

The primary lymphatic/lymphoid structures of the body are________ (in flat
bones such as the sternum, ribs, & cranial bones and the epiphyses of long bones
such as the humerus & femur) and the _______________

A

red bone marrow

thymus gland.

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17
Q

Red bone marrow & the thymus gland are termed ________________
because they produce T-cells, B-cells, and Natural killer cells which are the
lymphocytes that carry out immune responses.

A

primary lymphatic structures

18
Q

The major secondary lymphatic structures of the body are the ________,_________and_____________
!

A

lymph nodes, spleen,

plus the lymphatic nodules.

19
Q

Most immune responses occur in ______________!

A

secondary lymphatic structures

20
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T-cells (attack fungi, transplanted cells, & cancer cells),
B-cells (destroy bacteria)
Natural killer cells (attack certain spontaneously arising tumor cells).

21
Q

:does NOT provide a filtering function, like lymph nodes, since there are
NO
afferent lymphatic vessels leading into it

A

Thymus

22
Q

Thymus : each lobe is surrounded by a capsule of

_____________tissue

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

23
Q

•immature T-cells/preT-cells migrate via
the blood from_____to______where they multiply &
develop into mature T-cells

A

red bone marrow to the

thymus cortex

24
Q

•T-cells migrate into the ______
where they leave the thymus by medullary
blood vessels

A

thymus medulla

25
Q

Thymus:
●secretes the hormone ________
•assists in promoting the_______

A

thymosin

proliferation &
maturation of T-cells

26
Q

Spleen:
does NOT provide a filtering function, like lymph nodes, since there
are NO afferent lymphatic vessels leading into the spleen

●the splenic blood vessels & lymphatic vessels pass through the _______
of the spleen

A

hilum

27
Q

two areas of the spleen

:

A

(1) white pulp is mostly B-cells arranged around central arteries
(2) red pulp consists of venous sinuses filled with blood, &
splenic/Billroth’s cords that lie between the sinuses

28
Q

Spleen: white pulp function

A

white pulp is the site of B-cell proliferation into plasma cells

29
Q

spleen: red pulp function?:

A

red pulp carries out the main function of the spleen which is
phagocytosis of bacteria & worn-out or damaged red blood cells &
platelets
●red pulp also functions as a reservoir for blood platelets

30
Q

Lymph nodes are specialized in two regions

A

Cortex and medulla

31
Q

Lymph nodes:

_________ is the outer region of densely packed T-cells & immature B-cells
●______ is the inner region of mature B-cells
●________ contain masses of actively proliferating lymphocytes
●
_________ are thin inward extension, from the cortex toward the hilum, of
T-cells, B-cells, & macrophages

A

cortex
●medulla
●germinal centers
●medullary cords

32
Q

:carry lymph from tissues to the lymph node; the vessels
enter the convex side of the node. Contain valves that open toward the node so
lymph is directed inward.

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

33
Q

:carry lymph from the hilum (concave side of a node) to
venous circulation. Contain valves that open away from the node to convey lymph
out of the node.

A

Efferent lymphatic vessels

34
Q

Lymph travels through lymph nodes :
afferent lymphatic vessels

•from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_– between
capsule & cortex
•through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_via cortical sinuses
•through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ via medullary cords
•into\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
•exit lymph node via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

subcapsular sinus
cortex
medulla

hilum

efferent
lymphatic vessels

35
Q

●ONLY lymphatic tissue that filters lymph,

A

LYMPH NODE

36
Q

_________ destroy some foreign substances by phagocytosis while other
__________ destroy foreign substances via immune responses

A

∙macrophages

lymphocytes

37
Q

●________&_________ that have proliferated within a lymph node also leave &
circulate to other parts of the body

A

plasma cells & T-cells

38
Q

●are NOT surrounded by a capsule
●are clusters of lymphocytes that stand guard in all mucous membranes
•protect against bacteria & other pathogens that may enter the gastrointestinal,
respiratory, reproductive, & urinary tracts
●referred to as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

LYMPHATIC NODULES

39
Q

•occurs in mucosa lining the ileum of the small intestine
•contains macrophages that capture &
destroy bacteria thereby preventing microbes
from breaching the intestinal wal

A

PEYER’S PATCHES

40
Q

The Appendix contains large groupings of ____________

•located in lamina propria of mucosa &, a bit, in submucosa

A

lymphatic nodules

FALLAnatomy (5 decks)

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