Blood/Hematology

Question 1

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ circulates within the
microscopic spaces between tissue cells.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ creates the cells’ internal
environment which must be kept within
normal physiological limits.

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid

Question 2

________&__________exchange materials via osmosis, diffusion,
filtration, & reabsorption in order to maintain the body’s homeostasis

Answer 2

Blood & interstitial fluid

Question 3

Functions of the Blood
●Transportation –
●Regulation –
●Protection –

Answer 3

oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products,
& hormones.

pH, body temperature, water content of cells.

against blood loss, against foreign microbes & toxins.

Question 4

There are 2 parts of blood, ________
aka plasma, straw-colored fluid that remains
after the formed elements are removed.
And, __________ are cells & cell
fragments of which 99% are red blood cells

Of the total volume of blood 45% is________ & 55% is ___________

Answer 4

blood plasma,

formed elements

red blood cells

blood plasma

Question 5

White blood cells & platelets represent
<1% of total volume of blood.
They form a very thin layer, the _________, between the packed red blood
cells & blood plasma.

Answer 5

buffy coat

Question 6

: are red blood cells /
erythrocytes, white blood cells /
leukocytes, & platelets

Answer 6

Formed elements

Question 7

Blood plasma is\_\_\_\_\_water & \_\_\_\_\_\_
solutes.
Of the solutes, they include proteins,
nutrients, vitamins, hormones,
respiratory gases, electrolytes, &
waste products

Answer 7

91½%

8½%

Question 8

The process of producing formed elements
is called ________. After birth this
process only takes place in red bone
marrow

Answer 8

hemopoiesis

Question 9

Red bone marrow is found in the _________
(ends) of long bones such as the humerus,
& femur; flat bones such as the sternum,
ribs, & cranial bones; vertebrae; & pelvis.
Within the red bone marrow are
hemopoietic _______

Answer 9

epiphysis

stem cells

Question 10

________ is a substance in RBCs consisting of the protein globin &
the iron-containing red pigment heme.

Answer 10

Hemoglobin

Question 11

The function of the hemoglobin in RBCs is to transport __________

Answer 11

oxygen &

carbon dioxide.

Question 12

Functionality of RBC Shape
●high\_\_\_\_\_TO\_\_\_\_ratio
●discs stack like plates
●discs bend & flex entering
small capillaries

Answer 12

surface to volume

Question 13

RBCs are formed in a process called

Answer 13

erythropoiesis.

Question 14

The RBC process is stimulated by the
hormone______which is
primarily produced by the kidneys & in
small amounts by the liver

Answer 14

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 15

RBCs lack __________ therefore no damage repair,

so RBCs live ~120 days because of wear & tear

Answer 15

nuclei, mitochondria, &

ribosomes,

Question 16

Worn-out & aged RBCs are destroyed by ______ in the liver &
spleen;__________ is recycled.

Answer 16

phagocytosis

hemoglobin

Question 17

Types of Anemia
●________ – excessive loss of RBC
from bleeding.

Answer 17

hemorrhagic

Question 18

Types of Anemia
●_______ – MOST PREVALENT
type in the world; small pale RBCs.

Answer 18

iron deficiency

Question 19

Types of Anemia
\_\_\_\_\_\_ – inherited genetic defect
resulting in abnormal Beta chainhemoglobin
which is crescentshaped.
•Hemolytic anemia is a trait of

Answer 19

sickle cell

Question 20

___have a nucleus & other organelles but lack hemoglobin.

Answer 20

WBCs

Question 21

●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_s
•neutrophils
•eosinophils
•basophils
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
•lymphocytes
•monocytes

Answer 21

Granular/Granulocyte

Agranular/Agranulocytes

Question 22

________
cytoplasm stains pale blue; nucleus stains deep blue-purple
large round nucleus

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

_____________
cytoplasm stains pale gray-blue; nucleus stains deep blue-purple
large kidney-shaped nucleus
slightly lobed

Answer 23

•Monocytes

Question 24

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
poorly absorb stains:
granules
– pale purple,
cytoplasm
– pale pink,
nucleus
– deep blue
-purple
S
-shaped or C
-shaped nucleus
3
-6 lobes

Answer 24

•Neutrophils

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
stain red, reddish
-orange
with acid dye like eosin
2 connected lobed nucleus

Answer 25

•Eosinophils

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
stain blue
-purple with basic dye
U
-shaped or S
-shaped nucleus
2
-5 lobes

Answer 26

Basophils

Question 27

WBCs are formed in a process called _________. The process is
stimulated by _____________

Answer 27

leukopoiesis

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) & interleukins (IL).

Question 28

White Blood Cell Functions
●to defend against ______
●to remove __________
●to attack __________

Answer 28

pathogens

toxins & wastes

abnormal cells

Question 29

_____________fight inflammation & infection via

phagocytosis.

Answer 29

Neutrophils & Monocytes

Question 30

_________ fight inflammation in allergic reaction, fight parasitic worms,
& phagocytize.

Answer 30

Eosinophils

Question 31

_________ fight inflammation in allergic reactions.

Answer 31

Basophils

Question 32

______________are T-cells (attack fungi, transplanted cells, & cancer cells),
B-cells (destroy bacteria), & natural killer cells (attack certain spontaneously
arising tumor cells).

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

Platelets form in a process influenced by
the hormone __________
Platelets live 5-9 days.
____________ in
the spleen & liver remove old & dead
platelets

Answer 33

thrombopoietin.

Macrophages

Question 34

= stoppage of bleeding;
consists of three phases:
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lasts 30 minutes.
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_begins
within 15 seconds after injury.
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_begins
30+ seconds after injury.

Answer 34

Hemostasis

Vascular spasm

Platelet plug formation

Blood clotting/Coagulation

Question 35

_________ is needed by the liver for the synthesis of 4 clotting factors.

Answer 35

●Vitamin K

Question 36

____________= the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot to
pull the edges of the damaged vessel closer together.

Answer 36

Clot retraction

Question 37

__________ = the dissolving of a clot. During blood clot formation, a
proenzyme is incorporated into the clot which upon activation forms
into fibrinolysin that can dissolve the fibrin strands.

Answer 37

●Fibrinolysis