Examprep Abnormal Respiratory

Question 1

What parameter of respiratory function test is significantly lower than normal in pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 1

Forced expiratory volume in litres (FEV1)

Question 2

What is the most common cause of pulmonary oedema?

Answer 2

Increased pulmonary venous hydrostatic pressure due to Left ventricular failure

Question 3

What are risk factors for pulmonary embolism?

Answer 3

• Pregnancy
• Oral Contraceptive pill
• Malignancy (increases blood viscosity)
• Recovery from a major operation

Question 4

What drug causes a reduction in cardiac output, decrease in heart rate, bronchoconstriction?

Answer 4

Non-selective Beta-antagonist ie. propanolol

Question 5

A P/F value of less that what indicates acute let injury?

Answer 5

40

Question 6

Which type of lung tumour metastasises very early, is made up of blue cells and may secrete hormones ie. ADH?

Answer 6

Small cell carcinoma

Question 7

The presence of a diffuse opacity, confined within a single lobe within one lung is probably going to indicate which pathology?

Answer 7

Pneumonia

Question 8

What are risk factors for bronchial carcinoma?

Answer 8

• Smoking
• Radiation
• Asbestos exposure

Question 9

A 21 year old male presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath (previously fit and healthy). Respiratory rate of 28, saturations of 95% on room air, absent breath sounds on right chest with a hyper-resonant percussion note.
What could be the diagnosis?

Answer 9

Pneumothorax

Question 10

45-year-old Afro-Carribean female presents with a 2 month cough, nothing on examination of chest. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy and biopsy show non-caseating granuloma.
What could be the diagnosis?

Answer 10

Sarcoidosis

Question 11

37-year-old male presents with difficulty breathing. 2 day history of fever and feeling generally unwell. Increasing short of breath, with inspiratory stridor. He is sitting upright and leaning forward to catch his breath. He is drooling, with difficulty in swallowing his secretions.
What could be the diagnosis?

Answer 11

Acute Epiglottitis

Question 12

67-year-old woman presents with non-productive cough and shortness of breath on exertion. Right lung base is stony dull to percussion and she is absent in breath sounds at right base to mid zone.
What could be the diagnosis?

Answer 12

Pleural Effusion

Question 13

What would be the arterial blood gas result be in compensated respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 13

• Normal but verging on high pH (7.45)
• Low pCO2 (3)
• Normal O2 (13)
• Low bicarbonate (20)

Question 14

What happens to the physiological & anatomic dead space during pulmonary emboli?

Answer 14

May cause ventilation-perfusion mismatch and so increase physiological dead space but not anatomical

Question 15

What would the arterial blood gas result be in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 15

• Low pH
• Low PCO2
• Low HCO3-

Question 16

What condition would move the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

Answer 16

Decreased 2,3 DPG in red cells

Question 17

What would the arterial blood gas result be in chronic respiratory acidosis?

Answer 17

• PCO2 increased
• pH decreased
• HCO3- increased

Question 18

How would you describe Primary Tuberculosis Pathologically?

Answer 18

Granulomatous lesions with central caseation, surrounded by epitheloid and Langerhans giant cells

Question 19

Where is a potential source for pulmonary emboli?

Answer 19

Leg veins

Question 20

What pathogen is likely to be responsible for Bronchiolitis?

Answer 20

Respiratory Syncytial virus