Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Oocytes and sperm > Flashcards

Oocytes and sperm Flashcards

1
Q

What happens before birth with eggs?

A

start as oognoium which undergoes mitosis to form a primary oocyte which starts meoissi but arrests in its progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What phase does the primary oocyte arrest in?

A

prophase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens during puberty to the egg?

A

meiosis occurs giving rise to a secondary oocyte and a polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What phase does the secondary oocyte arrest in?

A

metaphase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a polar body formed?

A

when the egg divides, it does so unequally, with the majority of cell material and organelles going into one cell (secondary oocyte) and the other set of chromosomes and a small amount of cytoplams forming a polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When would the secondary oocyte continue through meiosis II?

A

if it is fertilised in the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

in the wall of the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the sperm stem cells called?

A

spermatognoia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens when the spermatogonia undergoes mitosis?

A

one offsrping goes on to differentiate into a sperm cell whilst the other gives rise to the next generation of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell formed at the end of meiosis called?

A

spermatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is a second polar body produced?

A

when the oocyte has completed meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

follicular and luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens during the luteal phase?

A

development of the corpus luteum; induces preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is gonadotrophin releasing hormone synthesised?

A

by neurons in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which hormones does GnRH stimulate the release of?

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of FSH?

A

follicular development and thickens endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of LH?

A

peak stimulates ovulation; stimualtes corpus luteum development; thickens endometrium

18
Q

Where is oestrogen secreted?

A

primarily by the ovaries, byb adrenal cortex and by placenta in pregnancy

19
Q

What are the functions of oestrogen?

A

stimualtes thickening of endometrium; reponsible for fertile cervical mucus; maturations of ovarian follicles; mildly accelerates sodium and water reaborption by kidney tubules; increase water content of the uterus

20
Q

What happens when there is a high concentraion of oestrogen?

A

inhibits secretion of FSH and PRL; stimualtes ecretion of LH

21
Q

What happens when there is a low conc. of oestrogen?

A

stimulates secretion of PRL

22
Q

What are the functions of progesterone?

A

inhibits secreiont of LH; increases basal body temp; relaxes smooth muscles; infertile mucus; maintains thickness of endometrium and pregnancy

23
Q

Where is progesterone produces?

A

by corpus luteum and placenta

24
Q

What hormone stimualtes follicular growth?

A

FSH

25
Q

What hormone is produced by the developing follicle?

A

oestrogen

26
Q

What does the increase in serum oestrogen do?

A

suppresses secretion of FSH and increases secretion of LH

27
Q

What is the function of the progesterone produced by the corpus luteum?

A

to thicken endometrium to prepare for implantation

28
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilisation does not occur?

A

corpus luteum begins to regress and production of progesterone and oestrogen decreases

29
Q

What happens during the menstrual phase?

A

corpus luteum degenerates; cessation of progesterone and oestrogen produced by corpus luteum which causes the endometrium to degenerate and menstruation to occur

30
Q

What does in the drop in serum oestrogen adn progesterone cause?

A

stimulates production of FSH and the beginning of a new cycle

31
Q

How long after LH surge does ovulation occur?

A

36 hours

32
Q

What is the route of sperm?

A

testes- epipdidymis- vas deferens- ejaculatory duct- urethra

33
Q

What cells does LH act on in the male?

A

Leydig cells

34
Q

What is the function of LEydig cells?

A

regulate testosterone secretion

35
Q

What cells does FSH act on?

A

Sertoli cells

36
Q

What is the function of sertoli cells?

A

to enhance spermatogenesis- essential for spermatid remodelling

37
Q

How does the negative feedback of testosterone work?

A

suppresses GnRH bursts; reduces sensitivity of LH-secreting cells to GnRH; LH inhibited more than FSH

38
Q

What hormone do the sertoli cells produce which has negative feedback?

A

inhibin

39
Q

How long does it take to produce a sperm?

A

around 72 days

40
Q

What is the name of the tail on a sperm?

A

cilium

Endocrine (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions