Chapter 3 - Smoke Management Systems

Question 1

• System that limits the exposure of building occupants to smoke. May include a combination of compartmentation, control of smoke migration from the affected area, and a means of removing smoke to the exterior of the building.

Answer 1

Smoke Management System

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Question 2

• Engineered system designed to control smoke by the use of mechanical fans to produce airflows and pressure differences across smoke barriers to limit and direct smoke movement.

Answer 2

Smoke Control System

p 57

Question 3

Presently, smoke management systems are subject of two different NFPA standards ?

Answer 3

NFPA 92A, Standard for Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences

NFPA 92B, Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Spaces

p 57

Question 4

The _______ ________ is a naturally occurring vertical movement of air within a building.

Answer 4

Stack effect

p 59

Question 5

• Formation of smoke into layers as a result of differences in density with respect to height with low density layers on the top and high density layers on the bottom.

Answer 5

Stratification

p 59

Question 6

• Phenomenon of a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof level of a building. Affected by height, configuration, and temperature differences between inside and outside air.

Answer 6

Stack Effect

p 59

Question 7

When the outside air is cooler than the buildings interior, air will move ?

Answer 7

upward through the building

p 59

Question 8

A _____________ flow of air can occur during warmer weather when the air inside is cooler than the air outside.

Answer 8

downward

p 59

Question 9

During very ______ weather conditions, the stack effect causes air to move vertically downward in buildings. This is referred to as ___________ or __________ stack effect.

Answer 9

hot / negative / reverse

p 59

Question 10

Smoke stratification and movement occurs in part due to the smoke’s _____________. This _____________ is the result of a reduced density and from expansion.

Answer 10

buoyancy / buoyancy

p 59

Question 11

Wind acts to promote ____________, rather than ____________, air movement through the building. This spreads smoke from the ____________ side to the ____________ side of the building.

Answer 11

horizontal / vertical / windward / leeward

p 60

Question 12

When a fire starts, an operating _______ system can transport smoke to every area that the system serves.

Answer 12

HVAC

p 60

Question 13

• Thermal or chemical decomposition of fuel (matter) because of heat that generally results in the lowered ignition temperature of the material.

Answer 13

Pyrolysis

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Question 14

The materials that compose smoke vary from fuel to fuel, but generally all smoke is ?

Answer 14

toxic

p 62

Question 15

This is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic (carbon-containing) materials and is probably the most common product of combustion encountered in structure fires ?

Answer 15

Carbon monoxide

p 62

Question 16

This gas is produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen and is a significant byproduct of polyurethane foam (commonly used in furniture and bedding). It is also commonly encountered in smoke, although at lower concentrations than CO ?

Answer 16

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)

p 62

Question 17

This is a product of complete combustion of organic materials and is not toxic in the same manner as CO and HCN. It acts as a simple asphyxiant by displacing oxygen. It also acts as a respiratory stimulant by increasing the respiratory rate ?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

p 62

Question 18

The purpose of a _________ ______________ system is to reduce occupant deaths and injuries and to aid in the safety of firefighters by removing and controlling the spread of smoke.

Answer 18

smoke management

p 63

Question 19

_____________ smoke control systems are those that are intended and specifically listed for smoke control purposes.

Answer 19

Dedicated

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Question 20

________________ smoke control systems are those that share components with other systems such as the buildings HVAC system.

Answer 20

Nondedicated

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Question 21

• Smoke control strategies that incorporate fixed components that provide against the spread of smoke and fire. These smoke control components include fire doors, fire walls, fire stopping or barrier penetrations and stair and elevator vestibules.

Answer 21

Passive smoke control

p 66

Question 22

Codes such as NFPA ______, Life Safety Code provide criteria for the construction of smoke barriers, including doors and smoke dampers.

Answer 22

NFPA 101

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Question 23

There are two types of pressurization systems: ?

Answer 23

positive pressure systems and negative pressure systems

p 66

Question 24

These systems supply air to the zones adjacent to the zone of the fires origin ?

Answer 24

Positive-pressure

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Question 25

These systems serve to exhaust or evacuate the smoke from the area of the fire’s origin ?

Answer 25

Negative pressurization systems

p 66

Question 26

A pressurized stairwell incorporates a ventilation system that ?

Answer 26

pushes air into the stairwell.

The pressure of this air helps keep smoke out of the stairwell

p 67

Question 27

The __________ method is an active smoke control concept that uses mechanical ventilation along with the properties of smoke to maintain smoke at the highest point in a large space.

Answer 27

exhaust

p 67

Question 28

Exhaust method:

A properly designed system should allow the smoke to be maintained at a level of ____ to _____ feet above the highest occupied floor.

Answer 28

6 to 10 feet

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Question 29

_________ smoke control is designed to limit the movement of smoke from one compartment of a building to another.

Answer 29

Zoned

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Question 30

• Stairways that are designed to limit the penetration of smoke, heat, and toxic gases from a fire on a floor of a building into the stairway and that serve as part of a means of egress.

Answer 30

Smokeproof Enclosures

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Question 31

This station provides full monitoring and manual control capabilities over all smoke-control systems and equipment ?

Answer 31

firefighters smoke-control station (FSCS)

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Question 32

The purpose of this system is to allow firefighters to have control capability over all smoke-control system equipment or zones in the building?

Answer 32

FSCS - firefighters smoke control station

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Question 33

FSCS

Whenever practical, it is recommended that control be provided by ________, rather than by individual _____________.

Answer 33

zone / equipment

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Question 34

Three types of testing that are required to ensure the proper operation of smoke management systems over the life of a building are as follows:

• _______________ testing
• ___________ ______________ testing
• ____________ _______________ testing

Answer 34

• Acceptance
• Periodic performance
• Automatic component

p 70

Question 35

The purpose of this testing is to ensure that the final system installation complies with the specific design and that the system is functioning properly ?

Answer 35

Acceptance testing

p 70

Question 36

This testing is critical to ensure proper operation of a smoke management system. During this testing, the operational sequence should be verified and performance of the system rechecked ?

Answer 36

Periodic Performance Testing

p 70

Question 37

Periodic performance testing:

It is recommended that dedicated systems be tested ____________ and nondedicated systems be tested ___________.

Answer 37

semiannually / annually

p 70

Question 38

Some systems may be designed or equipped with the ability to perform ___________ or ______-__________ of individual system components.

Answer 38

automatic or self-testing

p 71