Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is unique to each individual, and remains relatively consistent over time and situations

Question 2

Ideographic Appraoch

Answer 2

creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s unique personality characteristics
-i.e. trying to understand why your cousin is so weird,

Question 3

Nomothetic Approach

Answer 3

examines personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure
i.e. how alcohol affects personality

Question 4

Personality Trait

Answer 4

person’s habitual patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving i.e. introverted

Question 5

Barnum Effect

Answer 5

people believe that a personality profile describes them well even if it doesn’t (everyone given the same personality profile… everyone agrees with it)

Question 6

Factor Analysis

Answer 6

group items that people respond to similarly

i.e. friendly, warm, kind grouped in the same cluster (factor)

Question 7

Five Factor Model

Answer 7

-Trait based theory of personality based on the finding of personality can be described using 5 major dimensions

Opennness, Conscientiousness, Extravertism, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 8

Openness

Answer 8

high- open to new ideas, opinions, perspectives, appreciate complexity
-low- prefer convention, simplicity, don’t like learning new things

Question 9

Conscientiousness

Answer 9

high- organized, self displicined, dependable

-low- easy going, fun disorganized

Question 10

Extraverts

Answer 10

high- socializers, love company of others, energetic, assertive - low- quiet, cautious, reserved

Question 11

Agreeableness

Answer 11

high- easy to like, kind, compassionate, helpful, want to get along with everyone, want to please others
-low- put themselves first

Question 12

Neuroticism

Answer 12

high- experience negative emotions, strong reactions to stress, can’t relax
- low- secure, confident, resilient to stress, good at managing emotions

Question 13

HEXACO Model of Personality

Answer 13

6 factor theory that replicates 5 factors of five factor model and adds one additional factor: Honesty-Humility

Question 14

Honest-Humility

Answer 14

high-sincere, honest, faithful, modest

- low- deceitful, greedy, violent, selfish, manipulative

Question 15

Dark Triad

Answer 15

Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcism are 3 traits that describe a person who is socially destructive, aggressive, dishonest, and likely to cause harm

Question 16

Machiavillianism

Answer 16

tendency to use people and to be manipulate

-lack respect for others

Question 17

Psychopathy

Answer 17

tendency to have shallow emotional responses

- show little empathy, thrilled by conflict, control, harming others

Question 18

Narcissism

Answer 18

preoccupation with self image, focus on self importance

-always put themselves first

Question 19

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)

Answer 19

tendency to obey orders, support aggression against those who differ/ disagree with established social order, believe strongly in maintaining existing social order

Question 20

Temperaments

Answer 20

• Genes have some influence over personality
• Infants are born with different temperaments, temperaments strongly predictive of behaviour and personality later in life

Question 21

Well Adjusted Temperament

Answer 21

capable of self control, confident, not overly upset by new people

Question 22

Under-Controlled Temperament

Answer 22

impulsive, restless, distractible, emotionally volatile
-more likely to engage in externalizing behaviour (bulying, lying) and internalizing behaviour (crying easily, worrying), relationship difficulties

Question 23

Inhibited Temperament

Answer 23

socially uncomfortable, fearful, easily upset by strangers

- more likely to engage in internalizing behaviour

Question 24

States

Answer 24

• Temprorary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour
  i. e. lashing out because waiter brought wrong food
• Includes locations, associations (being with friends, alone…etc), activities (i.e. studying), subjective states (i.e. mad, sick, drunk)

Question 25

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 25

behaviour, internal (personal) factors, and external (situational) factors interact to determine one another, and personality is based on interactions among these 3 aspects

Question 26

Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Answer 26

Extraversion/introversion
Thinking/feeling
Sensing/Intuition
Judging/Perceiving