Psychological Therapies

Question 1

Insight Therapy

Answer 1

general term referring to therapy that involves dialogue between client and therapist for the purpose of gaining awareness and understanding of psychological problems and conflicts
-Effectiveness depends on conditions being treated

Question 2

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 2

• form of insight therapy that emphasize the need to discover and resolve unconscious conflicts
• developed by Freud
• behaviour and psychological issues lie in unconscious, bringing material out of unconscious mind into consciousness allows people to gain insight on their problems and “frees” them

Question 3

Free Association

Answer 3

clients encouraged to talk or write without censoring thoughts in any way
- uncensored thought was thought to reveal clues to parts of unconscious mind that wouldn’t normally be allowed to express

Question 4

Dream Analysis

Answer 4

examining details of dreams to gain insight into true meaning of dream, the emotional, unconscious material that is communicated symbolically

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

occurs as treatment brings up unconscious material that client wishes to avoid, and the client engages in strategies for keeping the information out of conscious awareness
i.e.changing the subject

Question 6

Transference

Answer 6

clients direct emotional experiences that they are reliving toward the therapist, rather than the original person involved in the experiences
i.e.feeling criticized by mother and begins to feel criticized by analyst

Question 7

Modern Psychodynamic Therapies:

Answer 7

• More concerned with conscious rather than unconscious mind

- Acknowledge of cultural, personal influences

Question 8

Object Relations Therapy

Answer 8

• variation of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning
• focuses on “objects” which are clients mental representation of themselves and others
• objects results in development of a mental model of relationships
• used to see patterns in relationships, such as trust, fear of abandonment

Question 9

Interpersonal Psychotherapy:

Answer 9

• therapist becomes “participant observer” and interacts with and observes client over time to understand any unrealistic expectations that the client may have towards their relationships/situations in life
• found to effectively treat depression, substance abuse, eating disorders

Question 10

Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy:

Answer 10

-Emphasizes individual strengths and potential growth, and belief that human nature is positive
-Helps people express themselves, overcome alienation, become for loving, be in the moment
-Humanistic therapist focus on removing obstacles that prevent self actualization
Existential therapists emphasize importance of facing painful experiences such as feelings about isolation and death, believing that self actualization involves transforming by facing fears

Question 11

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 11

therapist addresses clients feelings and thoughts rather than looking for unconscious motives

Question 12

Client-Centred Therapy (Person-Centred Therapy):

Answer 12

• focuses on individuals’ abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist
• not very effective

Question 13

Condition of Worth

Answer 13

you’re only worth something if you do something right

i.e.a father is never satisfied by kid’s grades

Question 14

Behavioural Therapies

Answer 14

address problem behaviours and environmental factors that trigger them as directly as possible

• Belief that behavioural patterns are the result of conditioning and learning
• Seeks to recondition clients until they develop new, more functional, habits
• Effective at treating anxiety disorders, phobias, and increase behavioural skills, and decreasing problematic behaviours

Question 15

Systematic Desensitization:

Answer 15

-Gradual exposure to a feared stimulus or situation is coupled with relaxation training

Question 16

Flooding

Answer 16

Client goes straight to the most challenging part of hierarchy, exposing themselves to the scenario that causes the most exited and panic

Question 17

Modelling

Answer 17

client observes another person engage with the feared object or situation
i.e. person who is scared of snaked watches another person hold a snake

Question 18

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 18

• replacing a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response, typically by using punishment
  i. e. drug Antabuse causes nausea and vomiting when combined with alcohol, so classically conditions aversion to alcohol

Question 19

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT):

Answer 19

• consists of procedures such as cognitive restructuring, stress inoculation training, and exposing people to experiences they may have a tendency to avoid
• helps clients become more aware of current thoughts and emotions and make them more positive
• effective at treating depression

Question 20

Negative Explanatory Style

Answer 20

tendency to make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events

Question 21

Internal Attributions

Answer 21

excessive self blame

Question 22

Stable Attributions

Answer 22

its never going to change

Question 23

Global attributions

Answer 23

my whole life is ruined

Question 24

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy:

Answer 24

• Involves combining mindfulness meditation with standard cognitive-behavioural therapy tools
• Focuses on “accepting” yourself rather than trying to fix yourself

Question 25

Decentring

Answer 25

occurs when one is able to “step back” from one’s normal consciousness and observe oneself more objectively, as an observer
-Effective at treating major depressive disorder, social and generalized anxiety disorder

Question 26

Systems Approach

Answer 26

encourages therapists to see an individual’s symptoms as being influenced by many different interacting systems

-used in group/family therapy