C1 Oil, alkanes and fuels

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

2 or more substances mixed but not chemically bonded together

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

C_nH_2n+2

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

Compound made from only carbon and hydrogen

Question 5

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 5

Saturated

Question 6

What does the line in between C-C in a molecule show?

Answer 6

Covalent bond, a shared pair of electrons

Question 7

What method is used to separate crude oil?

Answer 7

Fractional distillation

Question 8

Describe how fractional distillation works?

Answer 8

Crude oil is heated to evaporate and then the different fractions are condensed because of their different boiling points

Question 9

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the boiling point?

Answer 9

It increases

Question 10

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the viscosity?

Answer 10

It increases, gets more sticky

Question 11

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the flammability?

Answer 11

Gets less flammable

Question 12

As the temperature of oil increases what happens to the viscosity?

Answer 12

Gets less viscous, more runny

Question 13

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 14

What are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 14

Carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)

Question 15

If crude oil contains some sulfur what combustion product will be made?

Answer 15

Sulfur dioxide

Question 16

In combustion are carbon and hydrocarbon oxidised or reduced?

Answer 16

Oxidised as oxygen is added

Question 17

High temperatures may cause oxides of nitrogen what type of pollution is caused by the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide?

Answer 17

Acid rain

Question 18

What effect does this pollution have on the environment?

Answer 18

Weathering of rocks and buildings, and changes acidity of the soil

Question 19

Carbon dioxide causes what type of pollution?

Answer 19

Global warming

Question 20

Solid particles (soot or unburnt fuel) causes what type of pollution?

Answer 20

Global dimming

Question 21

Give 2 ways sulfur dioxide can be reduced?

Answer 21

Removing sulfur before burning of the fuel and removal of sulfur dioxide after burning

Question 22

What are biodiesel and bioethanol made from?

Answer 22

Plants

Question 23

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel.

Answer 23

Made from water and renewable

Storing is expensive and flammable

Question 24

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel.

Answer 24

Renewable and doesn’t produce toxic fumes

Need to have the climate to grow sugar cane and it uses lot of fields that could be used for food

Question 25

Why is bioethanol described as carbon neutral?

Answer 25

The carbon dioxide given out when burnt is the carbon dioxide taken in during photosynthesis of the plants

Question 26

What are products of combustion hydrogen?

Answer 26

Water