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MBIO 3010 > Section 13 - UTIs > Flashcards

Section 13 - UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender has the higher risk of contracting a UTI?

A

Women

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2
Q

Does pregnancy increase or decrease the risk of getting a UTI?

A

Increase

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3
Q

What are 4 things that increase the risk of contracting a UTI?

A
  • Co-morbid conditions (diabetes)
  • Spinal cord injuries
  • Catheters
  • GI tract abnormalities
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4
Q

What is the difference between relapse and reinfection?

A
  • Relapse is an infection by the same agent after about 2 weeks of no symptoms
  • Reinfection could be caused by the same or a different pathogen, but it must be at least 1 month between infections
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5
Q

Which group do uncomplicated UTIs affect the most?

A

Healthy women

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6
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Antibiotics

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7
Q

What are the key risk factors for complicated UTIs?

A
  • Underlying diseases
  • Kidney stones
  • Urinary tract abnormalities
  • Catheters
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8
Q

What are 5 contributing factors to UTIs?

A
  • Urethra length
  • Sexual activity
  • Uncircumcised male infants
  • Blockage
  • Catheterization
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9
Q

What are the common symptoms of urethritis?

A
  • Dysuria

- Frequency

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10
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Bladder infection

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A
  • Dysuria
  • Frequency
  • Urgency
  • Pain over bladder area
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12
Q

What are signs of cystitis?

A
  • Bloody urine
  • Cloudy urine
  • Bad odour
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of acute urethral syndrome?

A

Same as cystitis but lower CFU/mL

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14
Q

What is the key symptom of pyuria?

A

8 leukocytes/mm^3 of uncentrifuged urine

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15
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Infection of kidney and renal pelvis

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16
Q

What is prostatis?

A

Infection involving prostate

17
Q

What is cervicitis?

A

Inflammation of cervix

18
Q

What does prostate enlargement lead to?

A

Poorer bladder emptying, which means increased UTI incidence

19
Q

What are the important virulence factors for microorganisms that cause UTI?

A
  • Adherence (bacterial adhesins)
  • Calculi formation
  • Toxin and enzyme production (hemolysins and LPS)
  • Capsular polysaccharide
  • Biofilms
20
Q

What are host defences against UTIs?

A
  • Flushing action of urinary flow
  • Growth inhibitory properties of urine (low pH, osmolarity, high urea, organic acids)
  • Mucopolysaccharides
  • Preventing reflux
21
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in newborns?

A

Sterile

22
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in babies 1-3 days old?

A
  • Staph
  • Enterococci
  • Diptheroids
23
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in babies 3 days to many weeks old?

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

24
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in prepubescent children and postmenopausal women?

A
  • Micrococci
  • Streptococci
  • Coliforms
  • Diptheroids
25
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in adults?

A
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • Staph. edipermidis
  • Streptococci (alpha and non-hemolytic)
  • E. coli
  • Diptheroids
  • Yeasts
26
Q

What is the normal microflora of the urethra in pregnant women?

A
  • Increased L. acidophilus
  • Yeasts
  • S. epidermidis
27
Q

What are the most common etiologic agents of UTIs (general groups)?

A
  • Gram-neg bacilli
  • Gram-pos cocci
  • Gram-pos bacilli
  • Fungi
28
Q

What can fecal E. coli cause?

A

Uncomplicated UTIs

29
Q

What are the common causes of acute polynephritis?

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae

- Staph aureus

30
Q

What are symptoms of acute polynephritis?

A
  • Fever

- Lower UTI symptoms

31
Q

Which groups does subclinical pyelonephritis generally affect?

A
  • Pregnant women
  • Young children
  • Patients undergoing instrumentation in UT
  • Elderly
  • Diabetics
32
Q

Urine with over ______ organisms/mL is considered significant bacteriuria

A

10^5

33
Q

What happens if organisms are found in urine from a catheter?

A

It is considered significant because the urine is avoiding being contaminated by flora

34
Q

Why are collection and transport methods critical for urine samples?

A

Because urine is a good growth medium

35
Q

What are the culture and storage methods for urine samples?

A
  • Cultured within 1 hour of collection

- Stored at 4 C for no more than 18 hours

36
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated UTIs?

A
  • Antibiotics to ensure complete eradication
  • Follow up recommended
  • Drink lots of fluids
37
Q

What is the treatment for complicated UTIs?

A
  • Systemic IV treatment until symptoms subside
  • Oral therapy afterwards
  • At least 10 days to sterilize kidneys

MBIO 3010 (17 decks)

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