Fighting infections

Question 1

4 components of the immune system

Answer 1

Physical barrier
Complement system
Cellular components
Cytokines

Question 2

Neutrophils

Answer 2

Large multi lobed nucleus

Question 3

Functions of neutrophils

Answer 3

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Phagocytosis
Antimicrobial peptides

Question 4

Functions of macrophages

Answer 4

Phagocytosis
Inflammatory mediators 
Antigen presentation
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species 
Cytokines 
Complement proteins

Question 5

Functions of dendritic cells

Answer 5

Antigen presentation 
Costimulatory signals
Cytokines
Reactive oxygen species 
Interferons

Question 6

Pattern recognition receptors

Answer 6

Mannose receptors
Toll-like receptors
Receptors for opsinins
7TM alpha helical receptors

Question 7

IL-12 is produced by

Answer 7

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 8

Function of IL-12

Answer 8

Promote NK cytolysis

Stimulates IFNy production in T and NK cells

Question 9

Granulocytes

Answer 9

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 10

Vasodilators

Answer 10

Histamine, bradykinin, eicosanoids, CGRP, nitric oxide

Question 11

Bradykinin

Answer 11

Inflammatory substances formed from plasma precursor

Question 12

4 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 12

I: immediate hypersensitivity (allergy)
II: autoantibodies
III: deposition of immune complexes
IV: T cell mediated tissue injury

Question 13

4 stages of adaptive immune response

Answer 13

Antigen recognition
Lymphocyte activation
Effectors responses
Homeostasis

Question 14

Effector responses

Answer 14

T cells
B cells
Cytokines

Question 15

How are B cell activated?

Answer 15

Engagement of surface antibodies and costimulatory signals from T cells

Question 16

Down regulation of B cell activation

Answer 16

Engagement of Fc receptor

Question 17

IgM

Answer 17

First to be produced, neutral antibody in the peritoneum, complement activation

Question 18

IgD

Answer 18

Naive B cell antibody recognition

Question 19

IgA

Answer 19

Epithelial / mucosal immunity

Question 20

IgE

Answer 20

Helminthic parasites and immediate hypersensitivity

Question 21

IgG

Answer 21

Secondary exposure, neonatal immunity, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

Question 22

IgG binding FcR on neutrophils and macrophages promotes

Answer 22

phagocytosis

Question 23

IgE Fc binding causes

Answer 23

eosinophil activation and mast cell degranulation

Question 24

Th1 cells activate

Answer 24

macrophages and cytotoxic T cells

Question 25

Th2 cells

Answer 25

Provide costimulatory help to B cells