Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

environmental ethics > ch1 > Flashcards

ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture – which influences our thinking through:

A
  • Knowledge
  • Beliefs
  • Values
  • Learned ways of life shared by a group of people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Culture is

A

the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Worldview –

A

person’s or group’s beliefs about the meaning, purpose, operation and essence of the world.

  • Knowledge
  • Beliefs
  • Values
  • Learned ways of life shared by a group of people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

another definition of worldview

A

The overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One’s Worldview is influenced by:

A
  • Environmental ethics
  • Classical economics and the environment
  • Economic growth and sustainability
  • Environmental and ecological economics
  • Religion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ethics is

A

•the study of good and bad, right and wrong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethical Standards

A

criteria that help differentiate right from wrong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Environmental Ethics

A

•- the study of ethical questions regarding human interactions with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Culture and worldview affect

A

affect perception of the environment and environmental problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

People with different Worldviews and Cultures may have different ……… and hence …………………………………

A

•values and hence, their actions toward the environment may differ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

•There are two possible types of ethicists:

A
  • Relativists - Ethics should and do vary with social context.
  • Universalists - Objective notions of right and wrong exist across all cultures and situations.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The roots of environmental ethics are

A

ancient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The modern urge for environmental protection grew with problems spawned by

A

•the industrial revolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to

A

new manufacturing processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from

A
  • hand production methods to machines,
  • new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes,
  • improved efficiency of water power,
  • the increasing use of steam power,
  • the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anthropocentric

A

A human centered view of nature. Anything not providing positive benefit to people is considered of negligible value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biocentric

A

All life has ethical standing, and any actions taken consider the effects on all living things, or the biotic world in general. .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ecocentric

A

Considers the integrity of ecological systems – not just individual animals (or species). Recognizes the need to preserve not just entities, but also their relationships with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Economics studies

A

•how people use resources to provide goods and services in the face of variable supply and demand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ethics and economics

both deal with

A

•how we value and perceive our environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ethics and economics influence

A

our decisions and actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The root “eco” gave rise to both

A

ecology and economics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adam Smith:

A

•Competition between people free to pursue their own economic self-interest will benefit society as a whole (assuming rule of law, private property, competitive markets).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

•Adam Smith: Competition between people free to pursue their own economic self-interest will benefit society as a whole (assuming rule of law, private property, competitive markets).

(Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics)

•

This idea is a

A

pillar of free-market thought today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

•Adam Smith: Competition between people free to pursue their own economic self-interest will benefit society as a whole (assuming rule of law, private property, competitive markets).

(Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics)

•

•This idea is a pillar of free-market thought today.

It is blamed by

A

•many for economic inequality and the source of environmental degradation.

27
Q

An economic good or service can be defined as

A

anything that is scarce.

28
Q

•An economic good or service can be defined as anything that is scarce.

Scarcity exists when

A

the demand for an economic good exceeds its supply.

29
Q

Supply is

A

the amount of a good or service people are will to sell at a given price.

30
Q

Demand is

A

•the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price.

31
Q

The price of a good or service is its

A

•monetary value.

32
Q

What determines the price is

A

•the relationship between supply and demand.

33
Q
A
34
Q

The value assigned to natural resources is based on

A

perception of scarcity

35
Q

Natural resources are

A

“goods” we get from our environment.

36
Q

•“Ecosystem services” that nature performs for free include:

A
  • Soil formation
  • Water purification
  • Climate regulation
  • Pollination
  • Nutrient cycling
  • Waste treatment
  • etc.
37
Q

Gross national product (GNP) is

A

an estimate of total value of all the final products and services produced in a given period by the means of production owned by a country’s residents.

38
Q

Conventional economics focuses on

A

•interactions between households and businesses; views the environment only as an external “factor of production.”

39
Q

All of Earth’s resources are

A

limited.

40
Q

•All of Earth’s resources are limited.

Even unlimitless ones are limiting if

A

•if we use them at a rate faster than they can renew.

e.g. Topsoil, fossil fuels.

41
Q

Long-term effects are

A

discounted

42
Q

The depletion of resources will happen in

A

the distant future

43
Q

The costs of any transaction are experience only by

A

by the buyer and the seller.

44
Q

•The costs of any transaction are experience only by the buyer and the seller.

Other members of society are

A

•not affected.

45
Q
  • The costs of any transaction are experience only by the buyer and the seller.
  • Other members of society are not affected.

But pollution from a factory can

A

harm people living nearby

46
Q
  • The costs of any transaction are experience only by the buyer and the seller.
  • Other members of society are not affected.
  • But pollution from a factory can harm people living nearby.

The cost of cleaning up (stream) pollution might be born not by the buyer and seller, but by the

A

taxpayer

47
Q

since it costs taxpayers to clean-up pollution (or in the case of G.E., put the fisherman out of business), this is a

A

negative external cost

48
Q

growth is good (“ “)

A

growth paradigm

49
Q

growth is good (“growth paradigm”)

make the overall

A

pie bigger even if some people get smaller slices than other

50
Q

Economic growth is required to

A

keep employment high and maintain social order

51
Q

economic growth = ………………………..

A

progress

52
Q

the world economy is ……. times the size it was 50 years ago

A

7

53
Q

resources are limited so nonstop growth is

A

not sustainable

54
Q

economists disagree on whether economic growth is

A

sustainable

55
Q

ecological economics

A

applies the principles of ecology and systems science to the analysis of economic systems

56
Q

cornucopians -> ……………………………. -> ……………………………….

A

environmental economists -> ecological economics

57
Q

environmental economists

A

modify the principles of neoclassical economics to address environmental challenges. Believes we can attain sustainability within our current systems

58
Q

A cornucopian is

A

is a futurist who believes that continued progress and provision of material items for mankind can be met by similarly continued advances in technology

59
Q

A cornucopian is a futurist who believes that continued progress and provision of material items for mankind can be met by similarly continued advances in technology. Fundamentally they believe that there is

A

enough matter and energy on the Earth to provide for the population of the world.

60
Q

economies receive inputs from …………. that enable ……………….. to function

A

the environment that enable human society to function

61
Q

…………………………………. accept that human economies depend on the environment

A

environmental and ecological economics

62
Q

environmental and ecological economics accept that

A

human economics depend on the environment

63
Q

ecosystem services support the

A

life that makes economics activity possible

environmental ethics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions