DG - How can we measure development Flashcards
What ways can we measure the development of a country?
- GNP per capita
- GNP
- HDI
- GNI
- Infant mortality
- Literacy rates
- PQLI
What is development measure?
Statistics used to show the level of development, which allows countries to be compared
What is GNP?
The total value of all goods and services produced by a nation in a particular year
What is the HDI?
Human development index - based on three variables: life expectancy at birth, level of education (literacy + time spent at school) and income adjusted for purchasing power
Maximum HDI = 1
- Wealthy countries around 0.9
- Poorer countries around 0.45 or less
What is infant mortality?
The number of babies that die under a year of age per 1000 live births
What does literacy rates mean?
The percentage of adults in a country who can read and write sufficiently to function fully in work and society
What does GNI mean?
Gross national income - the total value of goods and services produced within a country including income received from and payments made to other countries
What two development can be matched together and out against one another on a graph?
- Birth rate and GNI per capita
- Shows a negative correlation as the higher the birth rate the lower the GNI per capita
What are the limitations of using one single development measure?
That one indicator doesn’t represent a whole country - lots of factors show development
Why is birth rate an excellent measure of development?
In rich industrialising countries women achieve high levels of education and career prospects. As it is difficult to balance work with having children, children are often sacrificed for success in the working world
What is PQLI?
Physical quality of life index - the average of three social indicators: literacy rate, life expectancy and infant mortality
Why is death rate a poor indicator?
Almost all countries have low death rates today - the more economically developed a country is the lower the death rate due to improved health care. In poor countries death rate reflects poor health care and high infant mortality
Why is GNP/GNI per capita a not so good indicator?
Only economic measures so gives no clear indication of peoples personal living standards, what people earn and buy, how educated people are and their quality of life
What are multi-variable indicators and why are they better than just one indicator?
They combine several indicators which give a better view of the countries economic and social status.
