Period 4 Vocab (part 1) Flashcards
Absolutism
Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, and imposed state economic policies
Ex. Louis XIV of France
Divine Right
The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
Parliamentary Monarchy
Originated in England and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Kings are partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments.
Proletariat
Class of working people who do not own property, typically manufacturing workers, paid laborers in agricultural economy, or urban poor. A product of economic changes of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe.
Ethnocentrism
Regarding one’s own race or cultural group as superior to others.
Conquistador
The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.
Colonialism
Control by one power over a dependent area or people.
Viceroy
Member of the nobility appointed to rule a country or province as the deputy of the sovereign - means in place of the king.
Colombian Exchange
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
Hegemony
The predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others.
Janissaries
Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; had a great deal of political influence after the 15th century.
Devshirme
In the Ottoman Empire, the practice of taking children from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslin soldiers.
Shah
“King,” title of the Mughal rulers.
Vizier
Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the Sultan.
Harem
The women in a Muslin household, including the mother, sisters, wives, concubines, daughters, entertainers, and servants; the Ottoman sultans had large harems.
