Ch. 1 End Of Chapter Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which statement best describes the central dogma of genetics?

A

Genes are made of DNA, expressed as an RNA intermediary that is decided to make proteins

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2
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

The sugar ring in RNA has an extra hydroxyl group that is missing in the pentose of DNA.

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3
Q

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic DNA packaging is true?

A

Eukaryotic DNA packaging is a complex of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones, and further coiled into a 30-nanometer fiber

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4
Q

Which statement about Thermus aquaticus is false?

A

T. aquaticus is found in the frozen lakes of Antarctica

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5
Q

Which statement about Escherichia coli is not correct?

A

All E. Coli strains are pathogenic, and therefore must be handled accordingly

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6
Q

Plasmids from bacteria can be described by which of the following statements?

A
  • all are correct
  • plasmids provide an advantage to the host bacterium to compete against non-plasmid-containing bacteria for nutrients
  • plasmids are used as a molecular biology tool to express other genes efficiently in the host bacterium
  • plasmids are extrachromosomal segments of DNA that carry several genes beneficial to the host organism
  • plasmids have their own origin of replication
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7
Q

Which of the following statements is not correct about the usefulness of fungi in biotechnology research?

A

Fungi are called “the work horses of molecular biology”

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8
Q

What mechanism does yeast utilize to control mating type in the cells?

A

The MAT locus in the yeast genome contains two divergent genes that encode for the pheromones a and alpha, along with the pheromone receptors

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9
Q

Which of the following yeast cellular component is typically not found in bacteria?

A

All of the above are found in yeast and not bacteria

  • centromeres
  • telomeres
  • nuclear pores
  • nuclear envelope
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10
Q

Identify the statement about multicellular model organisms that is correct.

A

All are correct

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11
Q

What is the main advantage for studying cells in culture rather than in a whole organism?

A

Cell lines in culture are easily manipulated genetically to introduce new genes or delete other genes

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12
Q

Why is Arabiodopsis thaliana used as a model organism for plant genetics and biology?

A
  • responds to stress and disease similarly to important crop plants such as rice, wheat, and corn
  • easy to grow and maintain in the lab
  • genome is relatively small compared to other plants
  • generation cycle is shorter than most other crop plants and produces many seeds for further study
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13
Q

Why are viruses significant to biotechnology?

A
  • they are able to insert their genome into the host genome, thus integrating genes in the process
  • viruses can be used to alter the genomes of other organisms
  • reverses transcriptase, an enzyme used in molecular biology, is encoded in a retroviral genome
  • viruses play an important role in delivering gene therapy to humans
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14
Q

Which statement best describes the F plasmid?

A

F plasmids contain genes for formation of a specialized pilus that initiates the formation of a conjugation bridge between two cells for the purpose of transferring genetic material

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15
Q

Which of the following elements is important in biotechnology research?

A

All of the above

  • transposons
  • F plasmid
  • satellite viruses
  • plasmids
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