Ch. 8 Genomics And Gene Expression

Question 1

Which of the following is utilized in genomic research?

Answer 1

All of the above

• micro-satellite polymorphism
• restriction fragment length polymorphism
• single nucleotide polymorphism
• variable number tandem repeat

Question 2

What is contig mapping?

Answer 2

Determination of regions that overlap from one clone to the next in a library

Assembly of these adjacent, overlapping (“contiguous”) maps allows a complete restriction map to be assembled for the entire region

Question 3

Which method was used to sequence the human genome?

Answer 3

All of the above were used in combination to complete the project.

• cytogenetic mapping
• shotgun sequencing
• chromosome walking
• radiation hybrid mapping

Question 4

Which organism has the most genes?

Answer 4

P. trichocarpa

Question 5

What is a gene?

Answer 5

All of the above

• a segment of DNA that encodes a protein
• a segment of DNA that encodes non-translated RNA
• sequences of DNA that are not transcribed
• a segment of DNA that is transcribed

Question 6

Which of the following is considered a field of study related to bioinformatics?

Answer 6

All of the above.

• proteomics
• computational biology
• genomics
• cheminformatics

Question 7

How is data mining useful to biotechnology research?

Answer 7

Data mining allows researchers to use computers to study, sort, and compile the vast amounts of raw data generated through bioinformatics

Question 8

Which type of mutation is the most common?

Answer 8

Base substitutions

Question 9

Which of the following statements about mutations is NOT true?

Answer 9

Mutations occur in all organisms at the same rate.

Question 10

DNA polymerase never produces mutations during replication because of..

Answer 10

The proofreading ability of this enzyme

Question 11

Mutations often occur at methylated ___ ___.

Answer 11

Cytosine residues

Question 12

Mutations such as duplications or deletions occur due to..

Answer 12

Repetitive sequences causing strand slippage

Question 13

When comparing mutation rates to coding capacity, mutation rates are usually the same for most organisms, which suggests..

Answer 13

A mechanism to control the rate

Question 14

Which one of the following is often used to establish family trees for organisms because it is present in all organisms and does not accumulate mutations quickly?

Answer 14

rRNA

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA microarrays is NOT correct?

Answer 15

Hybridization to a DNA microarray can only occur once.

Question 16

DNA microarrays contain thousands of DNA segments on a support, such as a ___ ___.

Answer 16

Glass slide

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the process of synthesizing oligonucleotides directly on the glass slide?

Answer 17

On-chip oligosynthesis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an observed epigenetic change?

Answer 18

Inheritance of yeast prions, as observed through confirmation changes in regulatory proteins.

Question 19

Examples of observed epigenetic changes

Answer 19

• RNAi inheritance in nematodes and plants
• the effects of DNA methylation and histone modification on the gene expression within a single cell
• regulation of phase variation in bacteria due to DNA methylation patterns
• persistence of siRNAs during cell division

Question 20

When a silenced allele is inherited from one parent, this is called ___.

Answer 20

Imprinting

Question 21

Which of the following statements highlights the issues surrounding oligonucleotide microarrays?

Answer 21

All of the above are issues surrounding oligonucleotide microarrays.

• a duplex may not be properly form if the mRNA probe has several mismatches compared to the oligonucleotide sequence
• the ability to hybridize to the oligonucleotides will be decreased if the probe is able to form a stem-loop structure
• the A:T content of the oligonucleotide may affect the stability of the duplex
• depending on the size of the spacer, incoming proves may not be able to hybridize if the spacer is too small or the oligonucleotide may fold back on itself if the spacer is too long

Question 22

What can whole-genome arrays identify?

Answer 22

All of the above.

• regions on the DNA that are methylated
• transcription factor binding sites
• various polymorphisms
• repetitive elements

Question 23

Which one of the following fusion proteins does not require some kind of chemical substrate to observe activity?

Answer 23

All of the above.

• luciferase
• alkaline phosphatase
• green fluorescent protein
• B-galactosidase

Question 24

Why is RNA-Seq more advantageous than typical microarrays?

Answer 24

All of the above are advantages over typical microarrays.

• RNA-Seq does not need a probe
• both coding and non-coding RNAs can be monitored with RNA-Seq
• alternative splicing is detected by RNA-Seq
• allele-specific expression can be monitored with RNA-Seq

Question 25

What technique could you use to simultaneously monitor host and pathogen RNA?

Answer 25

RNA-seq