Ch. 19

Question 1

The theory that “might makes right”. Only the strong will survive. Natural selection is justice. “Survival of the fittest”.

Answer 1

Social Darwinism

Question 2

One of the two major alliances during 1914. Consists of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.

Answer 2

Triple Alliance

Question 3

President of U.S. from 1929 - 1933. Instituted wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Tuesdays, and porkless Thursdays and Saturdays to conserve food for war effort. Set prices high to increase food production. Hoover’s policies set inflation for agricultural goods.

Answer 3

Herbert Hoover

Question 4

Organization set to educate people about the causes and nature of war during WWI. Director: George Creel. Demonized and encouraged discrimination against Germans. Silence controversial opinions about war.

Answer 4

Committee of Public Information (CPI)

Question 5

Proposed by President Wilson. World organization established after WWI to promote peaceful cooperation between countries.

Answer 5

League of Nations

Question 6

When war began, U.S. and Wilson were neutral due to ethnic diversity. After invasion of neutral Belgium and sinking of Lusitania, Americans protested for warnings from Germans. After an unhonored promise, Wilson takes steps to prepare for war. Zimmerman note and unrestricted submarine warfare cause declaration of war in April 1917 by Wilson.

Answer 6

Wilson & U.S. Neutrality

Question 7

Germans invaded neutral Belgium in order to safely avoid traps by French and invade French territory.

Answer 7

Invasion of Belgium

Question 8

Act enforced by the government in 1918 to persecute socialists, political radicals, and pacifists whose speech was “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” about the American form of government, the Constitution, or military. Upheld constitutionality in Schenck vs. U.S. Violated First Amendment protections of Freedom of Speech.

Answer 8

Sedition Act

Question 9

A great movement of African Americans from South to North in hopes of better jobs, economic advancement, and escape violent racism. Migrated to Detroit or Chicago. Some whites tried to keep blacks in South by persuading them to stay in region of birth.

Answer 9

Great Migration

Question 10

Mexicans moved to U.S. for same reasons that blacks migrated. Most migrated to Texas or West of America. Filled vacant jobs of farmworkers. Many came to U.S. seasonally for work, some stayed and made homes. Created barrios (hispanic neighborhoods) in California.

Answer 10

U.S. immigration

Question 11

Note sent from Germany to Mexico asking if America declared war, Mexico declares war on America. Promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Answer 11

Zimmerman Note

Question 12

Passed in 1916. Expanded size of army.

Answer 12

National Defense Act

Question 13

Passed in 1916. Ordered the building of more warships.

Answer 13

Naval Construction Act

Question 14

Idea introduced by Wilson which was the basis of the Fourteen Points, a list of items for resolving WWI which was outlined by Wilson.

Answer 14

Peace without Victory

Question 15

Wilson was unwilling to compromise the treaty with the irreconcilables. Most of the Senate were isolationists/irreconcilables, therefore they would’t let the treaty pass without compromise.

Answer 15

U.S. refusal to sign Versailles

Question 16

Part of League Covenant. Called for mutual defense by the signers of the treaty, a pledge that each nation would “respect and preserve… the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all the Members of the League.” Disliked by irreconcilables.

Answer 16

Article 10

Question 17

Group of senators led by Henry Cabot Lodge, opposed to treaty as written. All wanted to change it. Believed language was too vague and would cause U.S. to go into war without consent of Congress.

Answer 17

Reservationists

Question 18

Everyone should have the right to vote. Aim of women during Women’s Rights movement.

Answer 18

Universal Suffrage

Question 19

Battle ground in France. Germans sent more soldiers to front after Russia left war. Trench foot, lice, shell shock.

Answer 19

Western Front

Question 20

Old naval tactic where merchant ships travel with warships in groups to provide mutual safety at sea. Used by Allies after sinking of merchant ships during unrestricted submarine warfare.

Answer 20

Convoy

Question 21

British passenger ship sunk by Germans during unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany asked to give warnings to ships before sinking, but unhonorably complied.

Answer 21

Lusitania

Question 22

Recruitment/draft of young, European men to fight in American troops during WWI passed in May 1917

Answer 22

Selective Service Act

Question 23

Commander of American forces in Europe.

Answer 23

John J. Pershing

Question 24

Leader of radical communists and gained control of Russia after revolution.

Answer 24

Vladimir Lenin

Question 25

Payment for war damages. Demanded of Germans by Allied leaders.

Answer 25

Reparations

Question 26

Right of people to choose their own government. Called by Wilson in Fourteen Points.

Answer 26

Self Determination