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AQA GCSE - Physics > 1.1 - Heat Transfer > Flashcards

1.1 - Heat Transfer Flashcards

1
Q

What do all objects do?

A

Emit and absorb infrared radiation

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2
Q

How does temperature effect the amount of infrared radiation emitted?

A

The hotter an object is the more infrared radiation it radiates

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3
Q

How do dark, matt surfaces effect radiation?

A

Good absorbers and good emitters of infrared radiation

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4
Q

How do light, shiny surfaces effect infrared radiation?

A

Poor absorbers, poor emitters and good reflectors of infrared radiation

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5
Q

In a hot country what colour would they paint the house to limit temperature inside?

A

White

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6
Q

What colour should radiators be painted to maximise heat to the room?

A

Black matt as it would be better at absorbing and emitting the heat to a room

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7
Q

What is the kinetic theory?

A

It explains the properties of the different states of matter

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8
Q

Describe a solids properties

A 
Fixed and close regular patterns
Vibrate on a fixed position
Compact
Dense
Strong bonds
Large resistance
Large volume
Can't compress
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9
Q

Describe a liquids properties

A 
Slightly random pattern
Vibrating moderately 
The bonds are together but not as strong
Some resistance 
Can't compress
Takes the shape of container as particles move around each other
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10
Q

Describe a Gases properties

A 
Lots of space between particles 
Vibrates a lot
Travel at a thousand miles per second 
Minimal resistance
Minimal to no existent bonds
Easy to compress
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11
Q

What is the main difference between solids, liquids and gases?

A

They all have different amounts of energy

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12
Q

What is conduction

A

Heat transfer through solids

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13
Q

How does conduction work?

A

In metals there are delocalised electrons that surround positive ions
The electrons gain kinetic energy when heated vibrating faster
The electrons collide with each other transferring the kinetic energy

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14
Q

What name is given to a material that allows electrical currents to pass through?

A

A conductor

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15
Q

Why don’t non-metals conduct electricity?

A

They don’t have delocalised electrons

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16
Q

What is a material called if they don’t conduct electricity?

A

Insulator

17
Q

How does the start of convection work?

A

When you place a heat source next to the particles
As the particles gain kinetic they vibrate more
The space between the particles expands
As a result the area is less dense and the volume increases
The substance rises

18
Q

How does the second part of convection work?

A

As the particles move further away from the heat source they lose energy
They become denser and the volume decreases
Pushed round by other particles the denser particles fall back down

19
Q

How does liquid go to a gas?

A

Evaporation

20
Q

What is evaporation?

A

As the liquid gets heated up the particles gain kinetic energy
They vibrate more and the space between the particles expands
With enough energy the bonds can be broken and and they start to move around independently
With a lot of energy they can escape becoming a gas

21
Q

What happens to a liquid once some of it has evaporated?

A

It is cooler and have a lower average kinetic energy

Because when the particles leave they take the heat energy with them

22
Q

At what point does evaporation happen the quickest?

A

Boiling point

23
Q

What is an example of evaporation to cool something down?

A

Sweat

As it takes the heat energy away from your skin

24
Q

What are the three factors affecting evaporation?

A

Surface area
Breeze or air moving over the surface
Heat

25
Q

How does gas go to a liquid?

A

Condensation

26
Q

What is condensation?

A

As the gas is cooled the kinetic energy of the particles is reduced
The decrease in movement closes the gaps between the particles
When they get closer together the bonds become stronger

27
Q

What happens to energy during condensation?

A

It is released into the surrounding atmosphere

28
Q

What are the factors affecting condensation?

A

Surface area

Temperature of the gas

29
Q

What are the general factors that affect heat transfer?

A

Surface area
Volume
The type of material

30
Q

The bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings….

A

The faster the rate of energy is transferred

31
Q

What is radiation transfer?

A

The type of transfer that doesn’t require particles i.e a vacuum

32
Q

What are U-values?

A

They measure how affective a material is as an insulator

33
Q

If you have a small U-value is the material a good or bad insulator?

A

A good insulator

34
Q

Name 4 types of insulation in a house?

A

Cavity wall insulation
Fibre glass loft insulation
Double glazing windows
Draught proofing

AQA GCSE - Physics (16 decks)

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