Developmental psychology

Question 1

What part of developmental psychology does nature have a role in?

Answer 1

It sets out their course via gender, genetics, temperament and maturational stages

Question 2

What part of developmental psychology does nurture have a role in?

Answer 2

Shapes their predetermined course via environment, parenting, stimulation and nutrition

Question 3

What is the definition of temperament?

Answer 3

Innate aspects of individual’s personality such as introversion/extroversion

Question 4

What is reciprocal socialisation?

Answer 4

Socialisation is bidirectional so children socialise parents just as parents socialise children

Question 5

What are the two types of attachment?

Answer 5

Secure attachment- free exploration and happiness on mother’s return
Insecure attachment- little exploration and little emotional response to mother

Question 6

What was Ainsworth’s strange situation test of attachment?

Answer 6

Tests how babies or young children respond to temporary absence of their mothers- researchers are interested in two things:
How much child explores room on its own
How it reacts to mothers return

Question 7

What are the two types of attachment? And what results would they show in Ainsworth’s assessment?

Answer 7

Secure attachment- free exploration and happiness on mother’s return
Insecure attachment- little exploration and little emotional response to mother

Question 8

What are the three stages of Piaget’s model of cognitive development?

Answer 8

1. Sensorimotor stage (infants- 2 years)
   Infants understand the world primarily through sensory experiences and physical interactions with objects
2. Preoperational stage (2-7yrs)
   World is represented symbolically through words and mental images; no understanding of basic mental operations or rules
3. Concrete operational stage (7-12yrs)
   Children can perform basic mental operations concerning problems that involve tangible objects and situations