Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st Year - Respiratory (Sophia White) > Resp. Misc. 2/ 3/ 4 - Resp. disease signs, symptoms and exams > Flashcards

Resp. Misc. 2/ 3/ 4 - Resp. disease signs, symptoms and exams Flashcards

1
Q

What signs/ symptoms do you check for in the resp. system review/ red flags?

A 
Chest pain
Breathlessness (orthopnoea/ PND)
Cough (sputum/ haemoptysis)
Wheeze/ stridor
Horseness
Weight loss
Night sweats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some causes of acute breathlessness? (3)

A

PE
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some causes of subacute breathlessness? (4)

A

Pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema
Pleural effusion
Asthma/ COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some causes of chronic breathlessness? (3)

A

COPD
Pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you test the “cough threshold”?

A

Lowest concentration of inhaled capsaicin (active component of chilli peppers - irritant) required to produce 5 coughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an acute illness? (3)

A

It refers to an illness that is of a sudden onset or of a short duration (present for less than 1 month).
Acute can also be used as an adjective to describe a severe state of a condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the time frame of a subacute illness?

A

1-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the rime frame of a chronic illness?

A

Greater than 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common cause of an acute, dry cough?

A

Viral aetiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does sputum contain? (4)

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Bacteria/ fungus/ virus
Airway secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is classified as a massive haemoptysis?

A

> 500ml in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main 4 causes of haemoptysis?

What are 3 other causes?

A 
Infection
Carcinoma
PE
Bronchiectasis
Cardiac
AVM (arteriovenous malformation)
Anticoagulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some causes of acute breathlessness? (3)

A

PE
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 2 drugs can cause mediastinal disease?

A

Bleomycin (cancer treatment)

Phenytoin (anti-convulsant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some causes of chronic breathlessness? (3)

A

COPD
Pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you test the “cough threshold”?

A

Lowest concentration of inhaled capsaicin (active component of chilli peppers - irritant) required to produce 5 coughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes lupus pernio?

A

Sarcoidosis (not related to lupus!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is classified as a non-massive haemoptysis?

A

less than 500ml in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drugs can cause Interstitial Lung Disease? (6)

A

Amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic)ACEIBeta blockerBleomycin (cancer treatment)Methotrexate (drug used to treat specific cancers, arthritis and severe psoriasis)Nitrofurantoin (antibiotic for bladder infections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 drugs that can cause airway problems?

A

ACEIBeta blockersContrast mediaPenicillamine (rheumatoid arthritis and wilsons disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 2 drugs can cause mediastinal disease?

A

Bleomycin (cancer treatment)Phenytoin (anti-convulsant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What occupations/ hobbies should you particularly ask about in social history? (8)

A

Asbestos exposureCoal miningFarming Pigeons/ birdsPetsAbroad travelCannabisSmoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is oxygen the treatment for?

A

Hypoxamia (not breathlessness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is dull to percuss (not stony dull)?

A

ConsolidationPleural thickeningRaised semi-diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is asterixis?

A

A tremor of the hands when the wrists are extended e.g. CO2 and liver flap - CO2 flap is less rhythmical than a liver flap (use context)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes a CO2 flap?

A

Hypercapnic encephalopathy (the excess CO2 acts as a poison and the brain can’t function properly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is encephalopathy?

A

Abnormal brains structure or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are 2 respiratory causes pf erythema nodosum?

A

SarcoidosisTB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What causes lupus pernio?

A

Sarcoidosis (not related to lupus!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causes of finger clubbing?

A

Cyanotic heart diseaseLung disease:AbscessBronchiectasisCFDon’t say COPD!!EmpyemaFibrosisUlcerative colitis + crown’s disease (IBD)Biliary cirrhosisBirth defectInfective endocarditisNeoplasm (lung Ca, mesothelioma)GI malabsorption (coeliac disease)

31
Q

Signs of cor pulmonale? (4)

A

CyanosisRaised JVPPitting oedemaParasternal heave

32
Q

3 types of spinal curvature disorders?

A

Lordosis (significant inward curve at lower back)Kyphosis (abnormally rounded upper back)Scoliosis (abnormal sideways curvature of the spine)

33
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

also known as sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital chest wall deformity in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave, or caved-in, appearance in the anterior chest wall.

34
Q

What is a thoracoplasty?

A

a surgical procedure that was originally designed to permanently collapse the cavities of pulmonary tuberculosis by removing the ribs from the chest wall

35
Q

What causes hyper-resonance on percussion? (2)

A

EmphysemaPneumothorax

36
Q

What is stony dull to percuss?

A

Pleural effusion

37
Q

What is whispering pectoriloguy?

A

an increased loudness of whispering noted during auscultation with a stethoscope on the lung fields usually due to consolidation without bronchial obstruction

38
Q

What is the word used to describe normal breath sounds?

A

Vesicular

39
Q

What are the 4 main categories of things that can cause a wheeze?

A

Intrinsic obstruction in conducting airwaysProblems with the bronchioles e.g. asthma, bronchiolitis, foreign body, CaIntrinsic obstruction in tracheaExtrinsic mediastinal compression of trachea e.g. thyroid goitre, lymphoma, thyoma, cysts

40
Q

What causes bronchial breath sounds?

A

Consolidation with patent bronchial system e.g. pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

What causes generalised wheezing?

A

Smaller airway obstruction e.g. asthma

42
Q

What causes a localised wheeze?

A

Large airway disease

43
Q

What causes squeaks and crackles on auscultation?

A

Bronchiolitis

44
Q

Are crackles (crepitations) usually on inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration - due to expolosive re-opening of small airways blocked by exudate, inflammation or fibrosis

45
Q

What cause fine late inspiratory crackles?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

46
Q

What causes moderate/ coarse crackles? (3)

A

Pulmonary oedemaConsolidationBronchiectasis

47
Q

What causes a pleural rub? (3)

A

PneumoniaPulmonary embolusViral or auto-immune pleurisy

48
Q

What reduces vocal resonance? (5)

A

EffusionCollapseBronchial occlusionPneumothoraxEmphysema

49
Q

What increases vocal resonance?

A

Consoidaiton e.g. pneumonia

50
Q

What is whispering pectoriloguy?

A

an increased loudness of whispering noted during auscultation with a stethoscope on the lung fields usually due to consolidation without bronchial obstruction

51
Q

What are some other causes of dyspnoea apart from respiratory aetiology? (5)

A

Haematological (anaemia)Abdominal (e.g. obesity, ascites, pregnancy)AltitudeCardiac (e.g. muscle disease, valve disease, electrical diseases, congenital disease)Psychological (functional dyspnoea)

52
Q

What are the 4 main categories of things that can cause a wheeze?

A

Intrinsic obstruction in conducting airwaysProblems with the bronchioles e.g. asthma, bronchiolitis, foreign body, CaIntrinsic obstruction in tracheaExtrinsic mediastinal compression of trachea e.g. thyroid goitre, lymphoma, thyoma, cysts

53
Q

What is the word used to describe non-infective sputum?

A

Mucoid (clear/ yellow) e.g. COPD

54
Q

What is the word used to describe infective sputum?

A

Purulent (green) e.g. pneumonia, bronchiectasis

55
Q

What does tactile vocal fremitus involve?

A

Using finger to feel vibration over the chest wall when someone speaks (decreased over areas where there is no lung e.g. pneumothorax and increased over areas of consolidation) - different from vocal resonance but test the same thing

56
Q

Is pleuritic chest pain worse on inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

57
Q

What respiratory problems can cause chest wall pain?

A

Malignant invasion of soft tissue or ribs

58
Q

What causes a burning retrosternal pain?

A

Oesophageal reflux

59
Q

What is the usual cause of a deep chest pain?

A

Malignant invasion/ compression

60
Q

What usually causes a pleuritic pain?

A

Acute inflammation due to an infection, PE or pneumothorax

61
Q

What is the cause of respiratory synths with non-specific constitutional symptoms (e.g. weight loss, night sweats, lethargy) until proven otherwise? (3)

A

CaTbLymphoma

62
Q

What is the cause of “a daily productive cough with lots of green sputum in a non-smoker with a past history of pneumonia?

A

Bronchiectesis

63
Q

What is the cause of “an acute productive cough, pleuritic pain, dyspnoea and fever in any age”?

A

Community acquired pneumonia

64
Q

What is the cause of “acute onset of pleuritic pain with dyspnoea in a young adult male”?

A

Pneumothorax

65
Q

What is the cause of “haemoptysis, weight loss and night sweats in a young asian adult who has just moved to the UK from India”?

A

TB

66
Q

What is the cause of “progressive dyspnoea without cough or wheeze in non smoker with rheumatoid disease”?

A

Interstitial lung disease e.g. fibrosing alveolitis

67
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement unilaterally-no mediastinal shift-increased vocal fremitus-dull percussion note-bronchial breath sounds-presence of crackles

A

Consolidation

68
Q

What does tactile vocal fremitus involve?

A

Using finger to feel vibration over the chest wall when someone speaks (decreased over areas where there is no lung e.g. pneumothorax and increased over areas of consolidation) - different from vocal resonance but test the same thing

69
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement unilaterally-mediastinal shift towards lesion-decreased vocal fremitus-dull percussion note-presence of breath sounds-no added sounds

A

Collapse with proximal obstruction e.g. malignancy

70
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement unilaterally-mediastinal shift towards opposite site from lesion-absent vocal fremitus-stony dull percussion note-absent breath sounds with upper bronchial breath sounds-no added sounds

A

Large pleural effusion

71
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement symmetrically-no mediastinal shift-normal vocal fremitus-normal percussion note-normal breath sounds-presence of crackles symmetrically

A

Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis

72
Q

What is the cause of:-normal wall movement-no mediastinal shift-normal vocal fremitus-normal percussion note-normal breath sounds (reduced if severe)-wheeze symmetrically

A

Asthma

73
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement unilaterally-mediastinal shift towards opposite side-decreased vocal fremitus-hyper-resonant percussion note-breath sounds reduced unilaterally breath sounds-no added sounds

A

Large pneumothorax

74
Q

What is the cause of:-reduced wall movement symmetrically-no mediastinal shift-normal vocal fremitus-hyper-resonant percussion notes symetrically-breath sounds reduced symmetrically-presence of wheeze symmetrically

A

Emphysema

1st Year - Respiratory (Sophia White) (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions