Exam 2 Content Flashcards
Skin layers superficial -> deep
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)
layer of the skin that is avascular, and contains keratin & melanin
Epidermis
Layer of the skin that contains nerves, blood vessels, and sensory receptors.
Dermis
Layer of the skin that contains connective tissues, fat cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, nerves, and large blood vessels
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Cause of goose bumps
Arrector pili muscle associated with hair follicle
Ways to control body temperature
Vasodilatation and increased sweating
what do sebaceous glands produce and what does it inhibit?
sebum, inhibits bacterial growth
Functions of the skin
first line of defense controls body temperature synthesizes vitamin D active in sensory perception prevents excessive fluid loss
causes of lesions
systemic disorders
systemic infections
allergies to food or drug
exposure to toxins
test that detects malignancy
biopsy
example of blood test
Scratch test (antigens injected on back to find out what you’re allergic to)
Caused by direct irritation of skin
Contact dermatitis
Examples of contact dermatitis
poison ivy, latex, adhesives
Releases histamine and result is hives scattered all over. Highly pruritic.
urticaria
How to decrease immune response to Type I Hyersensitivity
drug- antihistamine and steroids
Inherited hay fever, pollen and asthma
Inherited tendency
Atopic Dermatitis
Eczema
Characterized by dry, scaly, lichenification skin on the flexor areas (elbow and knee) in adults
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Characterized by pruritic lesions that are moist, red, vesicular, and covered with crusts in children
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Onset in the teen years
Results from abnormal T-Cell activation
Lesions
Psoriasis
Lesions start as red papule, progresses to silvery plaque. Commonly found on the face, scalp, elbows, and knees
Psoriasis
Treatment of Psoriasis
Glucocorticoids
Tar preparations
Antimetabolite
Infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue, area is red, swollen, painful with red streaks running up lymph vessels.
Cellulitis
Bacterial Infections
Cellulitis
Foruncles (Boils)
Impetigo Contagiosa
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis
Boils in the nasal cavities can result in…?
thrombi or infection can spread to brain
Inflammatory Disorders
Contact Dermatitis
Urticaria
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Psoriasis
Usually caused by Staph. aureus Begins at hair follicles Common on the face, neck, and back Frequently drains large amounts of puss Squeezing them can result in the spread of infection to other areas
Foruncles (Boils)
Transmission of this bacterial infection may occur through close physical contact or through fomites. Is characterized by lesions that begin as small vesicles that rupture to form yellowish-brownish crusty masses.
Impetigo Contagiosa
Flesh Eating Disease
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis
Characterized by rapid tissue invasion that begins with a minor trauma/infection, then bacteria secrete enzymes that destroy tissue and toxins that cut off blood supply to tissues.
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis
Occlusion of small blood vessels leads to….?
gangrene
Delay in treatment of Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis can cause …?
Potential Amputation
Greater tissue loss
higher mortality
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis can be confused with what minor bacterial infection?
Cellulitis
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis can cause what in systemic toxicity?
Fever
Tachycardia
hypotension
possible organ failure
treatment of Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis
Aggressive antibiotic therapy
Excision of all infected tissue
Hyperbaric chamber treatment
The test that detects malignancy
biopsy
usual cause of cold sores or fever blisters ?
HSV1
Type of chronic inflammation that has an inherited tendency and is a response to allergens
Eczema
The substance that provides water proofing to the body
Keratin
Type of wart that is caused by HPV 1-4 and is seen on the bottom of the foot
Plantar
Type of fungi that causes thrush or vaginal yeast infection
candida
Electrolyte that should by maintained at level 3.5-5.0 in the blood
Potassium
Mass of sebum, Keratin and debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle
Comedone
Tinea Unguium causes infection in this part of the body
Nails
Medication used to treat herpes infections
Acyclovir
If allergic to this substance, the Gardasil immunization is contraindicated
Yeast
What is released with a hypersensitivity reaction that causes urticaria and pruritis.
Histamine
This should be given to treat the common side effect of Amphoteracin B- primarily favor/chills
Tylenol
Type of treatment for necrotizing fasciitis
Hyperbaric
type fo lesion that contains purulent exudate
pustule
Increasing mass of collagen resulting from scar formation
keloid
sweat glands located in the axillae
appocrine
only type of drugs that actually destroys virions
immunoglobulins
another name for a boil
foruncle
Used to treat systemic fungal infections
Amphotericin B
Type of cancer cell that grows slowly and has an excellent prognosis if removed quickly
Squamous
Tingling and burning in the extremities are all signs of this
Neurotoxicity
Another name for lozenge
Troche
Another name for Tinea Corpis
Ringworm
Medication given to reduce duration of the flu
Oselatamivir
Thick, dry, leather-like surface
Lichenification
Decreased urine output and elevation of BUN and Creatinine are signs of this
Nephrotoxicity
Palpable lesion; varies in size
Nodule
Prescription medication used to treat more difficult superficial fungal infections
Ketoconazole
Malignant melanoma develops here
Melanocytes
Kaposis sarcoma occurs in individuals with this disease and other immunodeficiencies
AIDS
This may occur with certain types of HPV and is the primary reason Gardasil is given to both boys and girls.
Cancer
Monitor ALT/AST if worried about this organ
Liver
Type of dermatitis caused by irritation of the skin
Contact dermatitis
if acyclovir is taken at the first sign of a recurrent episode of herpes, this may be prevented
Breakout
Condition in which there are areas of hypo-pigmentation on the body
Vitiligo
flat lesion
macule
Time of a woman life in which HPV grows and spreads
Pregnancy
Middle layer of the skin
Dermis
Inflammatory skin condition that has lesions that are covered in silvery plaque
Psoriasis
Medication used to treat Thrush that must be swished and swallowed
nystatin
The vitamin that is synthesized by the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light
Vitamin D
Non-prescribed drug that can be used for superficial fungal infections
Miconalzole
Infection of Dermis and Subcutaneous tissue secondary to injury
Cellulitis
Following a cold sore, viral particles are present in this fluid for weeks after healing of blister
saliva
Elevated lesion with flat surface topped with scale
Plaque
oily secretion that protects us from bacterial growth
sebum
Small deep linear crack or tear in the skin
Fissure
Oseltamivir must be taken within this many days of symptoms of flu or it will do no good
two
What occurs when the individual with a skin infection spreads the lesions to other parts of the body
Autoinnoculation
type of test done to test for allergies
scratch test
another name for a blister
vesicle
One of the ways our skin controls body temperature
vasodilation
Medicine used to treat vaginal yeast infections- single dose
Fluconazole
Shallow moist cavity in epidermis
Erosion
Warning symptoms that a breakout of genital herpes is occurring
Tingling
Tinea Capitis
infection of scalp
Firm elevated lesion
papule
Cavity with loss of tissue from epidermis and dermis
Ulcer
This is delayed in children taking high doses of steroids
growth
Caused by a shift in protein and fluids into interstitial spaces
Edema
Drug that prevents platelets aggregation
Aspirin
Type of purulent exudate in solid tissue
Abscess
