lab test 1 ch 2

Question 1

How much of the human organism is made up of water?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Solution, solvent, and solvent

Answer 2

solvent= liquid

solute

Question 3

What are the two major fluid compartments in the body and there division and percentage of bw?

Answer 3

• ic and ec fluids make up 60% of body mass
• intracellular- 2/3
• extracellular- 1/3, further divided into plasma 20%, interstitial fluid 75%, transcellular fluid 5%

Question 4

Wha are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 4

1. Make an observation
2. Develop a research question based on your observations
3. Develop a research hypothesis based on previous knowledge
4. Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis
5. Analyze the results
6. Suggest conclusions based on the results

Question 5

What is the dialysis bag made of?

Answer 5

a semi permeable membrane

Question 6

What general type of biomolecule is sucrose?

Answer 6

carbohydrate

Question 7

what specific type of biomolecule is sucrose?

Answer 7

disaccharide

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

the movement of water from one side of a membrane to another

Question 9

water moves to try to reach this state

Answer 9

osmotic equilibrium

Question 10

diffusion, and when a solvent or solute diffuses

Answer 10

Solutes move from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration by diffusion.

• if a solute can cross through a membrane it will do so to create a state of equilibrium
• if the solute cannot cross through the membrane, water will by osmosis.

Question 11

osmotically active solutes

Answer 11

solutes that are stuck on one side of the membrane because they cannot pass through (have name because they attract water)

Question 12

Hypertonic(more)

Answer 12

the side of the membrane that has more osmotically active solutes

Question 13

hypotonic(less)

Answer 13

the side with fewer osmotically active solutes

Question 14

Is water attracted to a hypotonic or hypertonic side?

Answer 14

hypertonic, because it has more solutes

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

two fluid compartments that are equal in the concentration of osmotically active solutes.

Question 16

crenation

Answer 16

when blood cells lose water

Question 17

hemolysis

Answer 17

can occur when water enters the cell swelling it till it ruptures/ bursts.

Question 18

1 mole of any substance contains

Answer 18

6.022x 10^23

Question 19

Molarity

Answer 19

is the measurement of the number of moles of a substance in 1 liter of solution.

Question 20

1 mole of any substance equals

Answer 20

the atomic or molecular weight of that substance in GRAMS.

Question 21

dissassociation in water (osmoles)

Answer 21

molecules with strong covalent bonds do not disassociate in aqueous solutions,
-molecules held together with ionic bonds disassociate in water creating more osmoles

Question 22

osmolarity

Answer 22

represents the concentration of osmotically-active solutes in solution

Question 23

What is the middle layer of the phospholipid bilayer made of? and what are some examples of what can pass through it?

Answer 23

• only lipophilic(lipid friendly) molecules can pass through it without assistance.
  ex. = steroid hormones, other lipids, non polar molecules, small polar molecules with no charge(water)

Question 24

Substances that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 24

• large polar molecules

- Ions (charged atoms or molecules)

Question 25

How can ions move across cell membranes?

Answer 25

Ions can be moved by the membrane transporter proteins

Question 26

How can large polar molecules such as glucose be moved across a cell membrane?

Answer 26

carrier proteins

Question 27

concentration gradient

Answer 27

the difference in concentration between two locations

Question 28

ion channels

Answer 28

membrane transport proteins embedded within the cell membrane. (referred to as transmembrane proteins because they span from one side of the membrane to the other)

Question 29

What is used to maintain the normal resting state?

Answer 29

Work requires energy from ATP; in other words, active transport is used to maintain the normal resting state.

Question 30

Integrating center

Answer 30

this step of a feedback loop is a structure that will process information about a specific change in the body’s internal or external environment

Question 31

effectors actions

Answer 31

this step in a feedback loop is typically a mini-process map outlining exactly what will happen when the structure that can act to adjust the situation does so.

Question 32

Response

Answer 32

this step in a feedback loop is the outcome of the processes that the body used to adjust to the original change.

Question 33

stimulus

Answer 33

this step in a feedback loop is a structure that detects changes in the body’s internal or external environment.

Question 34

sensor

Answer 34

this step in a feedback loop is a structure that detects changes in the body’s internal or external environment

Question 35

efferent pathway

Answer 35

this step in a feedback loop is a messaging system (neuron and/or signal molecule) between the structure that processes information about a specific change in the internal or external environment of the body and the structure that can act to adjust the situation.

Question 36

afferent pathway

Answer 36

this step in a feedback loop is a messaging system (neuron and/or signal molecule) between the structure that detects the change and the location where the information is processed.