lab test 1 ch 4

Question 1

Feedback loops

Answer 1

made up of the steps used to achieve homeostasis

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

is the maintenance of a fairly constant internal environment, even as it faces internal and external stressors.

Question 3

set point

Answer 3

is the level of each of these variables that the body works to maintain.

Question 4

internal constancy

Answer 4

is not static, instead it is a dynamic process

Question 5

cause of diseases and disorders

Answer 5

failure of the body to maintain homeostasis

Question 6

stimulus(signal)

Answer 6

is a change in a physiological variable from its setpoint

Question 7

sensor(sensory receptors)

Answer 7

structure that detects that change or stimulus

Question 8

integrating center

Answer 8

the structure that can analyze the information about the variable, to compare the current state to the desired set point

Question 9

effector

Answer 9

the structure that can act to adjust the condition by bringing the variable back to its set point

Question 10

response

Answer 10

the final step of a feedback loop is the outcome of the effector’s action

Question 11

afferent pathway(sensory neurons) and efferent pathway(autonomic neurons and somatic motor neurons)(info)

Answer 11

are not present in all feedback loops, but they will be in most.

Question 12

negative feedback loop=

Answer 12

reversal of the original stimulus

Question 13

positive feedback loop=

Answer 13

amplification in same direction as stimulus

Question 14

A stimulus must be a variable that can be detected by a sensor.

Answer 14

stove on hand, stimulus is increased temp. felt by receptors in hand

Question 15

what percent of feedback is muscle and what percent is gland?

Answer 15

• 99% muscle

- 1% gland

Question 16

the generation of heat is called?

Answer 16

thermogenesis

Question 17

oral temperature is about ____ than rectal temperature.

Answer 17

0.5 degrees C lower

Question 18

Body temperature increase following a meal is called:

Answer 18

internal heat production

Question 19

Heat gain from the sun is this type?

Answer 19

radiant heat gain

Question 20

Heat transfer from direct contact with an object, say a warm stove is this type:

Answer 20

conductive heat gain

Question 21

the primary way a resting human loses heat to the environment is by _____ heat loss.

Answer 21

radiant

Question 22

Setting up a fan to help move warm air off of the skin and replace it with cooler would be an example of this type of heat loss.

Answer 22

evaporative heat loss

Question 23

These blood vessels/arterioles near the skin surface are involved in maintaining body temperature in the cold and in the heat.

Answer 23

cutaneous blood vessels

Question 24

this number is an estimate of the number of sweat glands in the skin of the body.

Answer 24

2-3 million

Question 25

the osmolarity of sweat makes it ___-tonic to the extracellular fluid because NaCl is reabsorbed into the body.

Answer 25

hypotonic

Question 26

the thermoregulatory center is located here

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

heat production through rhythmic muscle contractions is called

Answer 27

shivering thermogenesis

Question 28

sudden increase in body temperature experienced by women with low estrogen, such as during menopause, are called:

Answer 28

hot flashes

Question 29

Body temperature above the normal range

Answer 29

hyperthermia

Question 30

body temperature below the normal range

Answer 30

hypothermia

Question 31

the most dangerous condition related to hyperthermia is:

Answer 31

heat stroke

Question 32

Enzymes and other proteins denature at body temperature over___ F, which is ____ C

Answer 32

106F, 41C